Need for the study Essay

Empirical studies about the impact of globalization on Belize are rare. This paper studies the economic development of Belize in the light of globalization, privatization and economic liberalization. It studies how beneficial the economy has been to the people after the opening of the economy. It perceives and looks at the performance of BTL and its role in contributing to the development of the country. Research Questions The following research questions are asked in this paper: 1. How has globalization affected the economic development of Belize? 2. How has globalization affected the welfare of its people? 3. How has globalization affected the success of the dominant telecommunications company BTL? Purpose of the Study The research methodology is the set of processes used to collect and analyze data. Research methodology is defined as a structured set of guidelines or activities to assist in generating valid and reliable research results. This part describes the research methods and procedures used to obtain and analyze data in this study. Research design reflects the structure of the research project and provides the means of collecting suitable data to answer the research questions. This paper seeks to identify the social, political, economic and cultural issues and outcomes which have emerged from globalization in Belize. It reviews the telecommunication sector of the country by looking at the reports of BTL. It studies the performance of the BTL. It highlights the achievements and failures of the company. It researches and examines the company’s services in the light of the government’s telecommunication industry. A detailed analysis is conducted about the success and failure of globalization in Belize by using studies which provide analysis on the economic performance of the country. Finally the study uses research material to examine the globalization success or failure in Belize as compared with its neighbors. The impact of telecommunications industry in the light of globalization is studied and researched extensively in the paper. Literature Review Belize is a Central American state which became independent in the early 1980s. The country has a multicultural society with various ethnic and racial groups. The country has pursued an economic policy which is dependant on free trade and foreign investment. Agriculture exports comprise the majority of the country’s exports. An estimated one hundred and eighty five American companies have invested in the country’s infrastructure and telecommunications sector. With a population of three hundred thousand people, the government continues to invest in developing the infrastructure of the country (Neuman 26, 2003). The country enjoys decent standards of living with relatively stable electrical, telephone, and water infrastructure. However major roads of the country are hampered by lack of development. Belize City and Dangriga are the important sea ports which handle shipping arriving from the United States of America. All major international airlines provide regular flights to the country. Belize has embarked upon a program of economic liberalization which includes a fifteen million dollar electricity program (Neuman 27, 2003). Estimated twenty million dollars funds have also been received from the Inter American Development Bank. This money will be used to invest in social sectors and services. Another two million dollars have been collected to invest in poverty reduction programs. Another major investment project is the Agricultural Health Project which seeks to modernize the agricultural production and distribution sector. Brazil has provided assistance for the development of soybean in the country. The aim of the government has been to diversify its agricultural exports and decrease reliance on the export of sugar cane.

Nixon’s “Southern Strategy” and Forces Against Brown

Do you remember your first day of school ? How was it ? Was it scary? I bet going to a segregated school where you were getting all types of looks , its way different the early 1900's. from people judging you about the clothes you were to the style of your hair. This article discusses Richard M . Nixon , the United States President in 1968 gave birth to the modern reform movement through public vouchers and other educational reform measures under his † Southern Strategy † that was designed to gain the votes of individuals who oppose school desegregation . The political activities in school desegregation after Brown by the two major political parties , namely the democrats and the republicans are discussed. President Richard Nixon reacted to the 1971 court decision on Swann verses Charlotte- Mecklenburg school district , a school desegregation case that approved to use of race to assign students to school by the use of busing , by instructing the U.S. justice department to draft a constitutional amendment to nullify the court's decision. (Kruger 1975 ) In my view President Richard Nixon was just trying to get white American votes . Bussing is still going today for example ; where I stay I'm between two elementary school's and you would think that my children could attend both schools but that's not the case . I guess the way the school district resolved the issue was by halving up the neighborhood. Which I consider crazy because back when I was going to school my road in particular wasn't considered a bus stop and our parents were able to choose whichever school .they wanted us to attend . Now , the way they separated the neighborhood the cut off spot or road I should say is the road right before mine . We didn't have that problem because we had to go to the next road anyway to catch the bus the same exact road they use as a cut off for the first elementary school. I think its so selfish how we as a people can't get along enough to join and become equal enough to get an education . I thought that was the reason for the separate but equal doctrine . Opposition to school desegregation was intense from the beginning and continues to this day ; and the results are clear , that is , the whitest American do not support school desegregation ( Jeffries , 1994 ; Motley , 1998 ; Olgetree , 2004). This is so true because In 1970 , Vigor High School on Wilson Avenue , which had been Prichard's white high school during segregation , was 70% white . By 1980 , It was 80% black . Although most of Prichard's remaining majority-white areas were in this district , many families had put their students into parochial or private schools . Before this came about Prichard was predominately white until they move black in the area to work at the paper mill. I totally agree with frank browns argument favoring integration on buses and in all areas of public accommodation and travel . Human beings have struggled with / on centuries to gain equal rights . Western civilization has been characterized by the hegemonic domination by white males. This power structure has frequently and historically excluded women and minorities . In the United States , despite the foundational creed that † all men are created equal , † it has taken centuries of struggle to gain equal rights . Equal rights , of equality before the law , means that all individuals are subject to the same laws of justice. People must be treated equally with / as / for regard to race , gender , national origin , skin color , religion or disability. African Americans were one of the first groups granted equal rights in the United States , through the passage of the 14th Amendment , which outlawed slavery . Achieving equal rights in reality took another century of struggle . Women , as well , although granted the right to vote for / by 1920 , continue to work towards equal rights , most recently through pay equity . Congress should terminate all programs because of the harm they caused minority students. I am so glad they passed the Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 states that No person in the United States shall , on the ground of race , color , or national origin , be excluded from participation in , be denied the benefits of , or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance . Equality means everyone has an identical quantity of everything ; no one is considered superior or inferior. Equality means that all children can grow up and go to school with equal access to the English language here in America . Everyone should be treated as fairly and as worthy of respect and basic rights as their peers from the moment they are born . People being able to be themselves , walking through life with inherent characteristics that should be considered neutral such as ethnicity , skin color , gender , physical disabilities , mental disability without having to face discrimination based on their presence or characteristics.

Voting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Voting - Essay Example Americans have more opportunities to vote then any other country in the world, and the impact of voting is felt in every aspect of American life. From the beginning of American history, it has been proven that voting is important. History highlights the importance of voting and the terrible conditions that occur when this right does not exist or is suppressed. During the Revolutionary Era the French, Haitians, and Americans recognized the destructive power of living under a government without a voice. The French masses starved while the aristocrats dinned well under the regime of Louise XIV. Like the Americans, the masses were taxed heavily without representation. No taxation without representation was an ideology that spurred on the American Revolution once the Stamp Act was enacted. In addition, after the implementation of the Stamp Act, "ordinary people came together to call for the boycotting of British goods" (Woods, 1992, p. 244). People began to understand how coming together to influence policy would make a difference in government. The Haitian Revolution demonstrates the biggest impact of living under a government without representation. There were 600,000 black slaves living in Haiti (Girard, 2005). The other ruling groups were comprised of French Officials, white planters, and free blacks total population was approximately 60,000 (Girard, 2005). As the Americans and French lived under unfair laws, the Haitian slaves lived under the Black Codes (Ros, 1991). The Black Codes invited white men and women planters to decide the fate of a black slave on a whim. One woman burned her slave alive in an oven, because of a slightly burnt pie (Ros, 1991). There weren't Civil Rights for the 600,000 slaves, who were bound to the earth and deprived of social mobility. They lived in dirty huts in a society where torture instruments were hung in the windows of prominent businesses (Girard, 2005). The Haitian, French, and Americans eventually won their freedom, but it was at great risks and many deaths. The sacrifices made the n and the perils the people endured emphasize the importance of the average person participating in the government. Common people must remain vigilant to the new laws created and make sure they benefit the entire society. No pure democracy is in existence. Democracy is a work in progress. Constant participation by the public is vital to ensure there is a balance in society, where the average person has a voice. Next, with the protective laws passed such as the Family and Medical Leave Act, the Civil Rights Act, and the American with Disabilities Act, many Americans feel they are safe from unfair treatment. They don't need to participate in the government or provide balance. The current governmental system will simply take care of itself and them. Voting isn't necessary. Yet, there are a growing number of individuals that don't believe that we need regulatory laws that will govern discriminatory behavior. A very popular American President, Ronald Regan supported this notion. He "enacted the Executive Order 12991 in 1981, where no regulatory action can be undertaken unless the potential benefits to society outweigh the potential cost" (Bennett-Alexander & Hartman, 2007, p. 4). Supporters of this policy state that businesses want to make profit. They will hire the most qualified person without discriminating, because it will give them a strategic

Organizational Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organizational Development - Assignment Example During recent years, the field of human resource management has seen a transformation as a result of changing workplace trends. A common concern for human resource managers has been to manage compensation and rewards in such as a way that employees feel motivated. At the same time, human resource managers are concerned with talent retention and this requires designing effective compensation plans that not only motivate employees and drive performance, but also retain high performing employees. However, many of the problems resulting from compensation plans differ from organization to organization. The dynamics of each organization shape the type of compensation plans that are going to work best given their situation. For example, organizations focusing on sales may pay their employees in terms of commissions and piece rate. On the other hand, high tech companies like software firms may pay their employees in terms of employee stock units. This is what Google and Facebook are doing with their employees. In order to counter challenges relating to pay, human resource managers develop appropriate pay plans that are suitable to employees (Dessler, 2011). That is to say, such plans that motivate employees and get the most output from them. Additionally, human resource managers have to carry out employee appraisals. Currently all organizations have some sort of performance evaluation in place (Lichtman, 2007). To do so, human resource managers have to design and plan out performance evaluation system which consist of measurable metrics that reflect an employee’s performance. The metrics criteria are based on key performance indicators as known as KPIs and different performance (Lichtman, 2007). Measuring the performance of a company’s employees provides managers with all the necessary information needed to make an informed decision. It helps managers decide which employees are going to receive appraisals and which employees will not. In certain

Iron and Hemochromatosis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Iron and Hemochromatosis - Essay Example A defect in this gene results in a mutation that disturbs this normal function, and iron metabolism is altered so that a large amount of iron is absorbed from the small bowel, about 1mg excess daily (Sardesai, 2012). The mutation most commonly causing hereditary hemochromatosis is when tyrosine is substituted for cysteine in the C282Y protein sequence. When a child inherits C282Y from both parents, the child is most likely to have hemochromatosis 0.5% of the United States Caucasian population has hemochromatosis (Victoria, 2011). If untreated, about 90% of the excess iron remains in hepatocytes, which are the main cells that function in the liver. Most remaining iron is stored in the functioning cells of the pancreas, anterior pituitary gland, joints, and heart. The endocrine disorder can cause diabetes, pigmentation, and cirrhosis in severe cases. A person can die from cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, cardiomyopathy, or diabetes (Powell & Fischer, 2005). Normal life expectancy can result if the disease is diagnosed early and if the person is given phlebotomy therapy. Therapeutic phlebotomy removes 200-250 mg of elemental iron for every 450-500 ml of blood. This is done weekly so that enough body iron stores are depleted (Adams & Barton, 2010). Before each treatment, the concentration of hemoglobin should be recorded. How much therapeutic phlebotomy is needed depends on the concentration of serum ferritin and hepatic iron. These are used as estimates of treatment needs. Excess iron is completely depleted when serum ferritin concentration is 10-20 ng/ml. This takes about one year (Gropper & Smith, 2013). 5-B) Would you expect the prevalence of the symptomatic hemochromatosis to increase or decrease with the introduction of an iron fortification program or an increase in the intake of bioavailable iron. Is there research to support your answer? The body does not have a way to eliminate excess iron naturally, and serum ferritin must be kept at less

The Development of Organisation Theory Assignment

The Development of Organisation Theory - Assignment Example In most organizations, the leading forces impinging on role performance are social or symbolic rather than economic. Although the social significance of the workgroup to individual workers was first reported in the studies of factory workers, recent research shows that the significance of informal work groups is much greater for individuals in high-status positions than those in low-status positions. Management-level employees are more likely to go through social and geographical mobility, which cuts them off from their parents, their place of birth and their friends. As a result, they are inclined to depend greatly on social relationships established at their workplace (Henderson 1996). To the extent that co-workers have become an important reference group for employees, one would expect them to support one another. Abraham Maslow’s (1950) theory of a hierarchy of human needs suggests needs categorized in the following ascending order; (1) physiological, (2) safety, (3) love, (4) esteem, and (5) self-actualization. Under this theory, the type and level of need for work-group appreciation are influenced by the type and level of which the needs are being satisfied by individuals external to the workplace. However, a certain amount of safety and esteem from one’s colleagues, managers and subordinates are crucial for successful functioning within any organization. For this reason, the major focus of managers should be on creating and maintaining good human relations in the workplace (Luthans 2010). Due to the recent technological progress, there is generally a shortage of significant interaction among culturally diverse employees. There is also a deficiency of affection in a number of the homes of workers. Human relations demand employers develop closer personal relationships in their organizations.  

One page summary the attachment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

One page summary the attachment - Essay Example The team visits the program between September to December, while program is in session. The program evaluators then normally visit the campus on Monday and Tuesday. They conclude their visit my meeting the senior officials including the dean and give them a summary of the evaluation results. The institution can respond to errors, if any, on the evaluation information within a week which is then incorporated in the draft report that is provided to the institute. The institute is then given one month’s time to raise any objection or seek clarifications on the draft report. The final report is reviewed by the full commission at its annual meeting. The additional information deemed necessary by the committee members is then sought from the institution and considered by the commission before final decision. The final accreditation action is communicated to the institute by August

Rewrite Extended Research Report 4-3-2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rewrite Extended Research Report 4-3-2 - Essay Example This paper is very important since it talks about a very important subject area of performance evaluation which can as well be implemented at the workplace. Performance evaluation is primarily concerned with measuring progress as well as effectiveness of the human resource which is very important for any organisation. Performance evaluation is also concerned with establishing good communication link between the management and employees. Basically, performance evaluation is meant to create mutual understanding among the members of an organisation in order to improve productivity as the ultimate goal. Performance evaluation is very significant for every organisation since it is meant to contribute positively to the growth and development of business through human efforts towards the attainment of set goals. It is imperative for organisations to ensure that their employees are highly motivated as a way of increasing productivity. Performance evaluation is helpful in that it allows each organisation to identify the areas that need attention and it also allows organisations to set goals that are achievable (Cfstaffing, 2007). Over and above, it can be noted that the main reason why organisations embark on performance evaluation is that they are primarily concerned with achieving set goals through the efforts of human resources. The process of performance evaluation is very important to every business in that priority is given to the needs of the employees who are the main drivers of any given organisation. Motivated workers are productive which positively contributes to the growth of business. Performance evaluations have become an indispensable part of business as a result of their effectiveness in increasing productivity (Abbey, 2007). I am feeling confident that I have a good start for my research report and I believe that I am organizing it in a nice

Management Science & System Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Management Science & System - Coursework Example The cost of the rooms was  £120 per room per night. They would book the accommodation but if they found out a week in advance that they were not going to make the trip, they would cancel at a cost of 10% of the total value. If they cancelled one (1) to three (3) days in advance then the charge would be 50% and on the day 100%. The Reservations manager who was pretty new did not know how to handle situations like these and so he flatly refused to accept the booking or to give it any further thought. The hotel was already 60% booked for two of the days when the group wanted to stay. All the other days were below 50%. The group required 42% of the rooms which meant that there would have been an excess demand of a mere 2%. This case is considered of major importance because in a few months the Olympic Games will be in London and similar situations may arise during that period. Managers are required to make decisions everyday. It is important that when matters arise that they are analysed properly before actions are taken. Pearce and Robinson (1997) states that one of the critical tasks of strategic management is to: â€Å"identify the most desirable options by evaluating each option in light of the company’s mission.† One of the roles of management is to make decisions and there are a number of models that are available to assist in this process. One such method is decision analysis which uses a construct called a decision tree to analyse situations. According to Lucey (1992, p27) a decision tree is: â€Å"A pictorial method of showing a sequence of inter-related decisions and outcomes. All the possible choices are shown on the tree as branches and the possible outcomes are subsidiary b ranches.† Another model of major significance is linear programming – a mathematical technique. â€Å"Linear Programming has helped to bridge the gap between abstract economic theory and managerial decision making in practice† (Koutsoyiannis, 1979). It is normally used in

An Investigation into the Impact of Branding on Growth of Tablet Dissertation - 1

An Investigation into the Impact of Branding on Growth of Tablet Computer for the UK Market - Dissertation Example ideographic 24 3.3.3 Cross-sectional vs. longitudinal study 25 3.4 Data Collection Design 25 3.3.1 Qualitative vs. quantitative study 25 3.4 Sampling Design 26 3.4.2 Variables 29 3.5 Data Collection, Measurement & Analysis 31 3.5.1 Sample size and instrument for data collection 31 3.5.2 Scaling 32 3.5.3 Ethical Issues in Collection of Data 32 3.5.4 Data Analysis Technique 32 3.6 Conclusion 33 References 34 Appendix 1-A: Questions for Interview 38 Questionnaire for Interview 38 Appendix 1-B: Questionnaire for Survey 41 Questionnaire on Consumer Perception 41 Table of Figures Figure 1: Literature review process flow followed for this study (reference) 5 Figure 2: The concept of branding (VanAuken, B., 2004) 7 Figure 3: The branding scene below is shown on Egyptian Tomb walls dating back to 2,000 B.C. 8 Figure 4: Belief and perception systems in humans 9 Figure 5: Brand archetype triggers and benefits 10 Figure 6: Three dimensions of benefits in positioning technology brands 15 Figure 7 : Operating systems of the current tablets in the market. 17 Figure 8: Three important markets for tablet PCs 18 Figure 9: Primary research process for the study 21 Figure 10: Decision making queries for research design 23 Figure 11: The sampling designing process 27 Figure 12: Variables chosen to be measured for the study 30 List of Tables Table 1: Branding in technology markets vs. consumer packaged goods markets 13 Table 2: Tablets currently in the market 16 Table 3: Comparison of quantitative and qualitative research on key issues 26 Table 4: Key terms in sampling and population 27 Photo Credit Cover page: http://eastprovidencehighschool.com/townie/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/e3295c9frs_fK1KW_54.jpg Onion in page 8: http://mocoloco.com/art/upload/2007/12/purple_onion/chumley_onion.jpg Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Introduction This chapter provides an overview of the entire dissertation, starting with the background of the study that brings out the phenomenon of study. This is foll owed by a delineation of the need of such a study and its significance, which then leads to formation of the research question and setting the aims and objectives of the study. Subsequently, the chapter deals with a brief description of the research methods to be adopted for the study covering such issues as the research design, sampling, data collection and analysing. 1.2 Background In the information age, two things have invaded into most of individual’s life – one is a mobile phone, and the other a PC. Over the decades, the need for diminishing size and increasing mobility of the personal computer; and increasing size and functionality of the mobile has given rise to the birth of Tablet PC. In other words, a tablet PC can be seen as a blend between a mobile phone and a PC that has evolved from consumers’ preference for larger and larger mobile phones and smaller and sleeker laptops. With the release of iPad in April 2010, Apple created a revolution of table c omputers, even though a host of other companies such as Dell Streak, Samsung Galaxy tab, Blackberry PlayBook, HP Tablet, Asus Eee

Psychological and Ethical Egoism Essay Example for Free

Psychological and Ethical Egoism Essay Egoism is a general term for the acknowledgement of human self-interest as a basis of action. There are several proponents of this theory. Basically it is a philosophical notion that was popularized by Hobbes. Whatever action that an individual would take is pursuant of his/her own self. This theory has famously been separated into two types. The first one is ethical egoism and the second is called psychological egoism. Ethical egoism talks about morality as the basis of action in order to uplift the person himself, while psychological egoism states that all of our actions are basically rooted on self-interest. Accordingly, psychological egoism is devised out of observation of common human behavior. A clear demarcation between the two lies on its structure, Ethical egoism is more prescriptive. On the other hand, Psychological egoism is descriptive or observational (Rachels, 2003). The Fallacy in Psychological Egoism Although Psychological egoism seems to be perfectly valid, it was widely refuted with respect to the fallacies that it had committed. One of the fallacies that can be found in the principles of psychological egoism, upon critical examination, would be the fallacy of â€Å"hasty generalization or converse accident†. According to some critics, the fallacy was rooted on confirming that indeed all human acts are self-interested due to the different instances that prove otherwise. This includes the fact that most people do actions that would damage or harm themselves such as smoking, self-mutilation and sometimes suicide. Also there are several altruistic behaviors that do not really come from self-interest. There are other things or notions such as conscience which also have an effect on ones action. If those who supports psychological egoism would argue that all actions whether it be an act of conscience or an act that hurts oneself is also form of psychological egoism in itself, then there are no actions whatsoever that is not a form of psychological egoism (Rachels, 2003). Thus, it will result to a fallacy of tautology. It cannot be verified or established if an action is indeed a form of psychological egoism because there are no other actions aside from a psychologically egoistic act. Two Sides of Ethical Egoism The weak version of ethical egoism takes on the side of the probability of altruistic behavior. However, they have specified that although they acknowledge that the person does benevolent actions, nevertheless, they maintain that the action is still in accordance to or made with respect to the individuals own interest. One would like to do good because doing good makes him/her feels good. The strong version denies the presence of altruistic behavior. It asserts that in any circumstances, the individual would act in accordance to his/her self-interest despite the fact that it is in the form of benevolence. (Lander University, 2006) Major Similarities and Their Differnces Thus, as presented above, ethical egoism differs from psychological egoism in the sense that ethical egoist incorporates morality as a basis for human actions. It expresses the human self-interest in the sense of the goodness or the rightness of the act. Psychological egoism, do not try to tell us what we should do, but instead states that whatever actions that we have is basically an expression of our self-interest, the individual does not need to be moral or does not have to subscribe to morality (Rachels, 2003). Motivations In ethical egoism, the motivation lies on the persons desires to do or aspire for something good or right. This is applicable when one is acting in able to help other people because it is in his nature to do so, as explained by David Hume. On the other hand, in psychological egoism, the motivation rest on the persons or individuals preference for self-interest. Psychologically egoistic behavior can best be interpreted when the individual is doing something in exchange of something that would benefit or would be in reference to his/her personal interest. Largely, those actions that are psychologically egoistic are selfish acts while those that fall under the ethical egoist are actions from self-interest. (Mosley, 2006) Selfishness versus Self-interest Selfishness is manifested through personal advantages, mostly sacrificing others in favor of ones own self. Self-interest is promoting ones interest either for the benefit of himself or of other people as well. Self-interest differs from selfishness in the sense that self-interest does not necessarily points toward selfishness because certain actions that would benefit one or would comprise self-interest may actually be altruistic actions. There are instances wherein you have to be helpful to other people in order for you to proceed towards your egoistic goals. Also there are some actions whether it is for oneself or for the sake of others that are not relevant basis in suggesting that it is selfish act or a self-interested act. For instance there were actions such as eating or drinking that can be classified as either a form of selfishness or a form of self-interest. As presented, the major key in understanding the points and relevance of each position lies on the individuals understanding of the term selfishness and acting for or out of self-interest. (Mosley, 2003) Reference http://philosophy.lander.edu/ethics/egoism.html

Small Business Data Structures

Small Business Data Structures Summary This report covers the authoritative functionalities and knowledge into the working of a wholesale flower maker and wholesaler organization Floras Flowers Limited. This report covers the historical backdrop of the organization; the purpose behind its presence furthermore concentrates on the inside and out working of the same. The report likewise portrays the organization structure and culture and the assignments designated to every official of the organization. It likewise depicts the present day advances the organization is utilizing and the impediments they confront in the same. Accordingly, we give the most ideal answers for the issues that the organization is confronting. 1. Introduction This document assembles data with respect to an organization called Floras Flowers Limited. It expresses the functionalities in regards to associations data frameworks, history of the framework and the organization and viability of the organization. Purpose The motivation behind this record is to introduce a point by point portrayal of significance of data structures for an association. It likewise lays accentuation on the associations history, the organization structure, the explanation behind presence of the organization, the utilization of PC frameworks for systems administration, better methodologies for administration of PC operations and change of its data frameworks. Vision Floras Flowers Limited is an organization that goes about as a wholesale maker of flowers and after that business sectors the newly produced flowers to different flower specialists and shops in the North Island. They have extended their business effectively in the North Island and now have a dream of growing the organization toward the South Island too. Mission The organization proprietor, Flora Forest is going for extending the operations of the organization to abroad markets in the coming two years. She likewise goes for improving the nearness of the organization in the South Island, for the most part in Nelson and Dunedin. Overview The owners Flora Forest and her husband Symonds Forest originally grew flowers as a hobby. As they realize that this hobby of theirs has a vast future in the business world, they thought of expanding it on large scale with a view of having good profits. Eventually they invested a capital and started Floras Flowers Limited in the year 2002. Last year the company had a turnover of $10 million with more than 200 customers in the North Island and about 50 customers in Christchurch area. The company then expanded to Christchurch (South Island) in the year 2005 after a study carried out by Coopers Lybrand showed their results. The office in Christchurch was originally a small distribution center, which mainly dealt with prepackaged bouquets. After the business was successful there, they opened a regional office and distribution center in June, 2006. It consisted of a small room where they received bulk flowers and packaged their own bouquets. 2. Information Systems of the organization Here, we shall discuss the information systems of an organization, Floras Flowers Limited, which manages its operations out of Auckland in an office next to the cool store. 2.1 Core Business Activities This organization was set up after the owners of this organization- Flora Forest and her husband Symonds Forest realized the potential in growing flowers and selling them could give them good profits. They grew flowers originally as a hobby, but, after seeing the future prospects and the growth in this sector; they decided to expand it using a venture capital in 2002. 2.2 Company Structure Like any other organization, Floras Flowers also has a company structure that helps them to maintain their operations going out smoothly and in an effective manner. Ranging from the General Manager to Office Manager, this organization has the executives of the following expertise: Position held Name of the Executive General Manager Flora Forest (owner) HR Manager for permanent staff Flora Forest (owner) Manager of Finances Symonds Forest (owner) Marketing Manager Lucy Corban North Island Distribution Manager Joe Simich Cool store and Packing Shed Manager Paul Murphy HR Manager for casual Auckland staff Paul Murphy Garden Manager Luke Gardener Christchurch Manager Michelle Street IS Support/ Office Manager Maria Vodafone 2.3 Types of Information Systems In order to execute all the operations successfully and meet the needs of their customers, this organization has amended the information systems over the years and came up with better and upgraded systems every time. The very first Floras Flowers Information Systems was paper based, which ultimately became difficult to deal with. Then they came up with an Excel spreadsheet, later with ACCPAC (accounting software), etc. As the needs and demands of the organization changed, they also paved way for the change in the Information Systems. Talking about the information systems that are currently in use, Floras Flowers present order entry system is an in-house developed system that dates back 4 years and replaces an older version of the COTS package, as that never worked quite well. This order entry system, being currently used for raw materials that make up bouquets, has been made in such a way that it is capable of working with ACCPAC. Although the information systems have been updated from time to time until the latest one, there are still many problems with the last one that the staff members have to work around until someone has time to sort them out. 2.4 Main units of the System We will now look at the main units of the system and the tasks allocated to each one of them: The General Manager and HR Manager: Flora Forest basically looks over the production of flowers by estimating sales and designing planting schedules since the starting of the organization.   She also negotiates with seed and fertilizer suppliers for the best possible deals. For the above work, she uses MS Office 2003 to use computing applications such as Excel. She also uses a simple HR system based on an MS Office Access 2003 database. The Financial Manager: Symonds Forest is responsible for managing the funds- general ledger, A/P, A/R, payroll and cash flow from the beginning; presenting budgets; looking after the billing and invoice to customers and suppliers. To accomplish these tasks, he uses ACCPAC (customized accounting software that basically serves small and medium sized company markets). He also works on MS Office 2003. The Marketing Manager: Lucy Corban has been working with the organization for 3 years. She looks after acquiring new clientele; providing the best product at the least cost and on the estimated time; promoting the company-advertising and personal selling; order processing. In order to complete these tasks, he uses ACCPAC Sales Module; Goldmine CRM (software for increasing productivity, sales leads, etc.) and MS Office 2003. The North Island Distribution Manager: Joe Simich has been associated with the company for 4 years. He schedules, maintains and coordinates vehicles for dispersing best product; managing inventory (list of items such as property, goods in stock, etc.) and maintaining it; managing the suppliers; shipments to customers and to the Christchurch branch. For all these operations he uses a simple Distribution System that he built himself using a Paradox database; a simple Inventory System written by him which integrates with the Distribution System but which has limited functionality; ACCPAC Inventory System which has good functionality and MS Office 2003. The Cool Store and Packing Shed Manager/ HR Manager for casual Auckland staff: Paul Murphy is Mr. and Mrs. Floras youngest son. He is the person responsible for ensuring that the stock in the cold store stays there for the least time; ensuring that right products are given in the right order; monitoring the cooling system; production of delivery and barcode labels; overseeing the bouquet production; overseeing the packaging; maintaining packaging supplies and employing casual staff. For doing these tasks, he uses Order Entry system; The Distribution System; The HR System and MS Office 2003. The Garden Manager: Luke Gardener has a family background in growing fruits and vegetables. He is highly capable in his field, but is not a computer literate. He ensures that planting is done according to timetables; cares for all plants in the fields and greenhouses; maintains greenhouses and watering systems; maintains the correct level of soils, compost, fertilizers, seeds, etc. employs casual staff. For doing the above tasks, he is given all instructions on paper. He does not use computer at all, but is being encouraged to learn basic data entry using simple applications. The Christchurch Manager: Michelle Street is looking after the following processes. She is responsible for the delivery of bulk flowers to the Christchurch office; the acquisition of new customers; increasing orders from existing customers; ensuring that the bouquets meet the high standards; maintaining all account records which are done in Auckland. In order to complete the above tasks, she uses the HR system; the Order system; ACCPAC Sales Module; Goldmine CRM. The IS Support/Office Manager: Maria Vodafone has been associated with the company for 2 years. She looks after the LAN; support; assets- hardware and software; the system architecture. To accomplish these tasks, she uses NT Network Node Manager and other Administration Tools; ACCPAC Asset Module and MS Office 2003. 2.5 Usage of Hardware, Software, Operating System(s), Networks Now, we shall discuss the system architecture i.e. the hardware, software, operating  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   system(s) and networks that are involved for the smooth functioning of this organization. These are as follows: The system architecture consists of a combination of hardware, software and a basic star topology network: Pentium Vs with 512MB RAM running on NT 1 laser printer at each location Fiber optic lines and modems Basic star topology with the switch located at Auckland office. There are PCs in the packing shed (2), cool store (1) and the forest home (2), as well as 3 in the office.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   All PCs have the following software installed on them: MS Office 2003 Other job specific packages   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   The PC system uses NT as its basic operating system and that manages office automation. 3. History of the System Alongside help in basic decision making, the organization data structure serves as support to manager when deciding. Decisions are as often as possible made in the buy data framework, in view of data from the account information framework. As a general rule, relevant data required in the purchase process are collected financial reports. In this case study, Floras Flowers Limited were using paper based information systems which was not easy to manage and they were accessing this information system in their different departments to run their business smoothly these systems were: An exceed expectations spreadsheet was created to help with outlining the conveyance however was not the best device for the job. This prompted the development of a distribution application which utilized a paradox database, which enormously enhanced efficiency. This development was conveyed by Joe Simich, who then went ahead to develop an inventory system which was connected to the appropriation system. However, a number of the other part frameworks were still primarily paper based systems. In HR department, Floras Flowers Limited use MS office 2003 to keep the record about their worker and this system is developed by the flora and it does not incorporate with whatever another data framework. Finance department of Floras Flower Ltd used ACCPAC (A customized off the shelf (COTS) Accounting): ACCPAC Accounting and Financial Management software unite your sales, develop financial reporting and supply better business and Floras Flowers Limited Finance Manager, Symonds Forest developed this system to managing the company finances top to bottom. It includes a sales module, and stock module, an accounts module and asset management module and also uses CRM (customer relationship management) (accounting, 2015).It is about placing you in control of your business with the goal so that you can maintain track of sales. In this case study Symonds is using this CRM system to forecasting the sale of flowers and budgeting (Rouse, 2014). Current order entry system in the organization is an in house developed system it was developed 4 years ago and changed with COTS package that never worked particularly well and this information system is accessed for the raw materials that design the bouquets, has been made to work with ACCPAC. Marketing Manager of Floras Flower Ltd, Lucy Corban has developed ACCPAC sales module, Goldmine CRM and MS Office 2003 for gaining potential clientele, advertising and personal selling and serving of orders. Business management software: Handle your business with money related, reporting and assist you to run your small business (index, 2013). 3.1 Development of the System Joe Simich the distribution manager of the North Island has been with the company for  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   four years. He is exceptionally needy upon figures and measurements from his frameworks which at present are giving the essentials of his logistics investigation. Initially he used to excel spreadsheet inscriptive an easy application in Delphi using a Paradox database but it has moderate functionality to work. Joe established a distribution system using paradox database. 3.2 Procedures to develop the system In the distribution they used a paradox data base which greatly advanced efficiency. After that developer build up an inventory system that was connected to the distribution system. The acquisition in 2003 of ACCPAC an off the self-bundle that was tweaked for FFIS (Foundation Financial Information System) was key for the feasibility of the organization. It contains a business module, a stock module, a records module and a benefit administration module. In HR department, developed by the flora does not incorporated with another data framework. Developers build up order entry system to replace an earlier COTS package that never worked well, this entry system is used for raw materials that make up the bouquets. Floras Flower Company used the above mention tools to improve the company productivity and efficiency. 4. Administration and Effectiveness of the System Maria Vodafone administers and maintains the system on call 247. Minor problems are solved by staff themselves, so there are only few callouts. If sometimes she isnt available, she arranges an alternative of her cousin. 4.1 Disciplined and systematic approaches: Demands for changes are dealt with as issues. Issues with the framework are recorded on a load up and concurred a need rating, yet time requirements imply that frequently a basic non-pressing occupation is settled before a complex earnest employment. There are techniques for presenting fixes before they are put into generation, yet they are frequently avoided, with just intermittent fiascos. Reinforcements for each of the part frameworks are done nightly and reinforcement tapes are put away off-site. Since the last calamity, a duplicate of the earlier nights reinforcement has been continued site. There are methodology manuals that are about exceptional, yet a great many people simply request that other individuals how do things. 4.2 Issues Encountered: Logistics: The enormous increments in fuel and running expenses for the vehicle are cutting into benefits and the applications and frameworks being used are by and large seriously pushed. Orders have expanded to where every client more often than not puts in no less than one request for each week containing somewhere around 20 and 80 items. Numerous clients are putting in various requests with various conveyance addresses. Systems: The staff are thinking that it`s hard to adapt to the different frameworks and the issues that should be worked around. In addition to, everybody needs speedy reacting framework and discovering current framework is hard to interact with each other, so necessity of completely utilitarian framework is must. Communication Gap: Correspondence is working simply because of the nearby bonds between the staff. The greater part of them see each other at any rate once per week for family social occasions. 4.3 Improvement of Organization: The company totally depends on its ERP (Enterprise Resource planning) system and the Flower flora is using ACCPAC system which is basically known as Sage 300 ERP (Sage_300_ERP, 2016). The System is good with its functionality of accounting, Inventory, sales module, CRM, Supply chain and Maintenance. But the Human Resource and marketing system arent available with the system. Above mentioned that staff found the difficulty with integration and complexity of this system. I would like to suggest the company to adapt new system with all functionality. Initially it may cost high to company and will take some time whist adapting. We have seen the vision of company to make a place in international market and achieving that goals the company need to choose suitable ERP system for the company. In Simple words Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is just integrated system which contains product planning, purchase, manufacturing or service delivery, marketing and sales, inventory management, shipping and payment, finance (Enterprise_resource_planning, 2016). The best and suitable ERP system for company is SAP ERP. SAP ERP incorporates the key business functions of an organization.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Figure 1 ERP System According to a blog (Arabia, 2015), There are 2 Types of SAP ERP Modules. Number one is Functional Modules and second one is Technical Modules. All SAP Modules integrated with each other with functionality and provide us best solution for Business. Most important SAP Modules that Bunnies implement for their business are SAP FICO (Financial Accounting and Controlling) module MM (Material Management) Module SD (Sales and Distribution) module HR (Human Resource) module PP (Production Planning) module PS (Project System) module Basis module security module ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) module But Flora Flowers SAP Business Suite Applications is the best option as per their current usage of modules and problems with integration. SAP Business All-in-One is a suite intended for medium sized organizations that need the refinement of SAPs Business Suite, however require a quicker usage and lower all out expense of proprietorship (businesssuite, 2015). The item is the same code base as the Business Suite, yet comes out of the case with designs which speed up the execution procedure for medium sized associations. SAP Business All-in-One addresses the necessities of various ventures and claims more than 700 industry-particular programming arrangements. The usefulness of SAP Business All-in-One is complete and incorporates applications for big business asset arranging, client relationship administration, supplier relationship administration and business knowledge. For developing organizations, the framework gives a clear movement way to the SAP Enterprise item. SAP Business All-in-One can coordinate with desktop devices, for example, IBM Lotus Notes, Microsoft Office and Microsoft Excel. SAP Business All-in-One works on an extensive variety of databases and working frameworks. SAP Business All-in-One is controlled by the SAP NetWeaver innovation stage, permitting it to be incorporated with non-SAP programming as requirements change. Usage time intended to be as short as eight to 16 weeks (SAP Business All-in-One Software, 2016). Now watching out the solution for flora flower; by using SAP, the company need to provide training for the staff so that it will be easy for everyone to work on new framework and by doing so the staff will interact to each other and shall get close to each other. The module of Supply chain management (SCM) manages the flows of goods and services. SCM means identification of demand through to its delivery to point of use (Supply_chain_management, 2016). Below is the flow of supply chain management how it works. The underlying phase of the store network procedure is the arranging stage. We have to build up an arrangement with a specific end goal to address how the items and administrations will fulfill the requests and necessities of the clients. Subsequent to arranging, the following stride includes sourcing. After that assembling of items are separated by clients request, the items are conveyed to the client at the foreordained area by the supplier. In the last stride, the organizations need to manage client questions and respond to their complaints (supply_chain_management,2016).For better understanding look at the diagram below. Figure 2 Supply Chain Management 5. Conclusion and future scope This report gives the overall information about an Auckland based wholesale flower producer and supplier company Floras Flowers Limited. This report carries us to the history of the organization. It also lays stress on the networking capabilities that are involved in the same and the problems they are facing with it. In this report we came to know about their all future plans and also gave suggestions on how to overcome those problems. The knowledge we gained from this IT infrastructure helps us to know more technologies, software and how they are applied. From this project we learnt how an organization networks work and how important it is to upgrade them from time to time, keeping in line with the business world. SAP is the best innovation supplier to help us with our arrangements to incorporate the majority of our product needs into a solitary stage, giving us the visibility required to proficiently deal with our business end-to-end. Thus, if the organization uses SAP business suite, their dream of running their company in the international marketing without any obstacles would be successful. accounting. (2015). Retrieved from accpacnet: https://www.accpacnet.com/accounting.htm Arabia, R. S. (2015, July 2). SOlution Dots. Retrieved from Solution Dots: https://solutiondots.com/blog/sap-erp-modules.html businesssuite. (2015). Retrieved from websmp201.sap-ag.de: https://websmp201.sap-ag.de/public/businesssuite Enterprise_resource_planning. (2016, August ). Retrieved from wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_resource_planning index. (2013, December). Retrieved from managemore: http://www.managemore.com/index.htm Rouse, M. (2014, November). CRM. Retrieved from techtarget: http://searchcrm.techtarget.com/definition/CRM Sage_300_ERP. (2016, March). Retrieved from wikipedia.org: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sage_300_ERP SAP Business All-in-One Software. (2016, July). Retrieved from Software Advice: http://www.softwareadvice.com/nz/erp/sap-business-all-in-one-profile/ Ã…Â  imoviĆ¡, V. (24/jan/2012). A case study :an information system model. An information system management model, 1. supply_chain_management. (2016). Retrieved from tutorialspoint: http://www.tutorialspoint.com/management_concepts/supply_chain_management.htm Supply_chain_management. (2016, August). Retrieved from wikipedia.org: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain_management

Compare and Contrast approaches to management

Compare and Contrast approaches to management Management over the years does not have a generally acceptable definition. The subject has received different views from authorities on management. Follet (1941) defines management as getting things done through people. Follets definition underpins the ultimate aim of all the management theories, processes, approaches and styles that have been developed over the years. That is, the achievement of goals through others. Most if not all managers are faced with the daily task of planning, making decisions, managing resources and personnel. The task is always very tall and therefore the need to achieve the set target from beginning to end with people. Some of these theories put across over the years are administrative management, human relations management and scientific management. This paper will discuss at length the praise and disgust of scientific management and the human relation management theories. Having defined what management in general is. The emphasis will be on how each school of thought gets the job done and how the work environments as well as employees are managed at the work place. The relevance of both schools of thought would be established with clear examples and at the end a conclusion and an opinion of the writers position on the two theories. The principles and theories of scientific management have been around since the 1800s but the real breakthrough came in the early 20th century. Frederick Winslow Taylor made this breakthrough during the industrial revolution when he developed the main principles of scientific management. Wren (2005) reiterates that Taylor set out to resolve industrial issues with his Time and Motion Study and the Piece Rate System. Due to the magnificent contributions made by Taylor to Scientific Management, the term Taylorism was coined. Taylor is regarded as by many management authorities and historians as the Father of Scientific Management. Wrege and Greenwood (1991) as well as Wren (2005) have all attested to the fact that this is written on Taylors epitaph. Taylors principles of scientific management influenced other school of though. Donnelly (2000) offered that the human relations management or movement as some authorities will choose to call it was founded by Elton Mayo. Donnelly (2000) further adds that Mayo, a Director of Industrial Research at Harvard University was involved in the famous Hawthorne Studies which led to an alternative style of management regarded as the Human Resource Movement. As the name suggest, the whole ideas was to fight or push for the employees right at the work place. Ritzer(à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.) defined Scientific Management as a process where technology (nonhuman) exerts more control over the employee. Huczynski and Buchanan (2001) resented that the main targets of scientific management were control, efficiency and predictability. Donnelly (2000) presented that Scientific Management generally involves the employees physical efficiency in the work place. Pugh (1996) offered that production in Tailors day was more of a disincentive for higher productivity instead of facilitating increased productivity. The old Rule of Thumb coupled with workers limitation of output known as Systematic Soldiering were observed by Taylor in his studies as the barriers to increased productivity. Donnelly (2000) observed that the main objective of management is to maximize profit for the employer as well as enabling the worker to increase their earnings. To achieve this, Tsuneo and Wren (2002) agree with Taylor that management and basic processes can be improved when seen as a science. A clear example is the introduction of hands free kits and the computer into call centers. This has helped to reduce the stress of holding the telephone with one hand whiles typing or writing with the other. Taylor equipped with the believe that there is only one ideal method of production that can generate the best results, therefore pushed forward certain principles of ma nagement with a double edged effect to help both employers and workers to achieve higher productivity and earnings respectively. Pruijt (2000) suggest that these principles are fundamental to Taylorism. Richardson (2005) offered these principles as: the dichotomy between an idea formation and completion or execution of these ideas. In other words, division of labor where managers take up the responsibility of job analysis, specification, design, knowledge and prescription of appropriate tools for the job whiles the employee on the other hand only concern themselves with the completion of the task. Braverman (1974) observed that these basic production knowledge originally possessed by the worker was reduced to guidelines, laws, procedures, formulae and rules of production by managers the use of methods scientifically proven to determine the most ideal way of production. This means that there exist an ideal way of producing something and if found to be efficient, it needs to be adopted to replace current methods. the scientific selection of suitable persons for those jobs. the training of the employee to achieve efficiency in the execution of the job. and monitoring of workers job to ensure that procedures are strictly followed and efficiency is achieved through high performance culminating in appropriate domino effect. Parker (1986) reiterates that Taylors ambition was to gain total control of the job schedule of the employee. As established in the above points. Prujt (2000) suggest that the context for these principles to be achieved would be through component homogeneity and reshuffling of logistics. The biggest supporter of scientific management was Henry Ford. He introduced the assembly line of production which meant that the employee job is timed to the speed of the production line. Clark, Chandler and Barry (1995) stated that Mayo carried out series of studies but the four that stood out are the illumination experiments, the relay assembly test room, the interview program and the bank wiring observation room experiment. Agarwal (2002) presents that the human relations movement was developed after the conclusion of the Hawthorne experiments. The experiment which brought together six persons who without force from managers or impediment from employees below them, unreservedly and of their own volition cooperated in the experiment as a team. Mayo identified in his conclusions that an organization can only achieve its goals when it recognizes the emotions of the employee and respects their pleasures of needs that are non-monetary. The key points held by the human relations movement have been enumerated by the following authorities; Donnelly (2008) maintains that employees have as their concern the satisfaction of their needs which are non-monetary in nature. Therefore, it could be said that pay and conditions are not enough motivators for a person at work. Sridhar (2008) offered that managers of organizations should as matter of priority provide their employees with psychological needs as this affects productivity levels in the long run Graham (2008) also holds the view that companies or organizations are co-operative social entities. From the above, it could be said that individual or employees are motivated by excellent and friendly relationships at the work place and should not be seen in isolation because they all belong to a group. The fulfillment of their social needs helps them to retort greatly to work-groups than controls from management. Scientific management presents that; The only motivation for the employee to execute his task was money. Taylor reiterates that employees deliberately device ways of cutting down task assign them and describes them as lazy people who could only be motivated by what he calls economic incentive. Therefore, if an organization is to achieve increase in job satisfaction and productivity, wages paid to workers should be at premium. Graham (2008) reiterated that there is only one best way and must be discovered by the manager. Donnelly (2000) argued that Labor should be divided in a way that analysis planning, design and selection should be done by managers whiles execution is carried out by workers without complains. To achieve this, Taylor introduced the differential system which had the pull and push effect on the employee, either coming down from the top or climbing up. It could be presented that if the employee would be rewarded for their achievements, so would they be punished for failures in that respect. The human relation school of thought holds that money is not the only motivation for employees as exhibited by the Hawthorne Experiments made manifest. Informal groups or social networks at work places often becomes stronger and push for group interest than individual financial benefits. Hersey (2001) argues that these groups can become commanding forces in achieving the companys goals once they see that in line with their own personal goals. As established earlier, one can deduce that the economic man depicted by Taylor as lazy and only money conscious has been replaced by the social man who likes to associate with others. In this wise, the employees output is determine by their acceptance in the group aligned with the high regard they have for the other members of the group. Moreover, if the other members of the group produce as a group norm, the employee would follow. From the above discussions it is unmistakable to note that in comparism both scientific and human relations management propounds different thoughts, views and principles for the management of the employee, his job and the workplace. On the other hand, the existence of key dissimilarities makes both schools of thought very different in practice. Hersey 2001 presents that the employee under Taylorism is seen as central to the organization with regards to output whiles under human relations management the emphasis is on correlation as the central focus of the organization. Scientific management did away with correlations and groups at the work place with the deliberate isolation of the worker as far as possible from his mates. In sharp contrast, the human relation management held that the survival of these relationships and groups would encourage coordination, correlation and communication. Job knowledge under scientific management was held by the managers who set criteria and make them obligatory for the employee whiles under the human relations management, the manager or leader is regarded as a facilitator, coordinator and provider for the employee in areas such as personal development, welfare and benefits. Donnelly (2008) refers to this manager as a communicator both within and between departments. The individuals welfare and development under scientific management received little or no attention in the growth drive of the organization. This was because their performance was externally controlled by managers. Under human relations management, dedication, facilitation and coordination were maintained with the individual in his quest for development. In doing this, the organization also achieved its growth targets. The employee under scientific management was regarded as human machine whose only motivation was money. Adair (1998) in support of the human relations movement reiterated that the employee is motivated when he or she is satisfied and therefore works effectively. This presupposes the fact that worker satisfaction is paramount under human relations management. Opponents of human relations movement believe that the sole motivator of the employee is money or monetary incentive. Therefore under Taylorism, the worker was seen as an economic man. Mayo believed that if the social needs of the individual for instance commutation and sense of belonging are met he becomes motivated to pursue the goals of the organization and therefore making him a social man. Besides the criticism of scientific management, its principles of deskilling of the worker and division of labor are still relevant in modern day organizations (Braverman, 1974). A clear example is McDonalds. The fast food giants with branches all over the world have managed to set preparation standards which are strictly adhered to. There are special appliances designed for toasting burns, spewing sauces and producing milkshakes, thereby avoiding time wasting and improving efficiency. Fries in every McDonalds are also cooked for 3 minutes at 175 degrees removed and salted. A buzzer often signifies to the employee to know when each task is completed. The uniforms worn by the staff and their managers are very different from each other. Another industry where scientific management has been introduced is aviation. In airports today, luggages are labeled with barcodes and placed on conveyor belts. The sensors on the conveyor belt scan these codes and send the luggage to the appropriate plane. Both examples above show in practice that Taylorism has been triumphantly implemented in these industries. It can be argued that without scientific management they would not have been efficient. An example of human relations management in practice is Toyota. Ohno (1998) presented that Toyotas philosophy is to achieve production efficiency, reduce waste with a clear commitment to respect for humanity. Besser (1996) offered that Toyota practices a flat hierarchy style of management where the employees engage in morning exercises, after work gatherings and wear the same uniforms. It is the companys way of building a strong culture, where indemnification to groups within the organization helps them to believe in one common destiny. Failure and success of the group is borne by all. This is transferred by both the employee and management into the organization to help achieve goals. On the production floor, the employee operates and manages more than one machine. The employee under this system is trained as a multi-functional person. In effect, these lead to job satisfaction, security, commitment and employee empowerment. This practice is arguably oppose to Taylors assertion that e mployees should be kept apart as wide as possible and the avoidance of informal group. Besides their differences, Binns (2002) asserts that both scientific management and human relations management shared assumptions. The writer believes that both Taylor and Mayo saw management as a science and cooperation between the workers and managers. They also aimed at increasing efficiency and productivity. The quantitative techniques of scientific management brought forward by Taylor are still relevant today in terms of an organizations present operational analysis and control The writer can therefore argue in conclusion that both schools of thought have some positive factors that an organization can implement to achieve success in an ever changing business environment of today considering productivity and employee welfare. Scientific Management revisited Did Taylorism fail because of a too positive image of human nature? Sigmund Wagner-Tsukamoto Journal of Management History Vol. 14 No. 4, 2008 pp. 348-372 www.emeraldinsight.com/1751-1348.htm How to manage your organization scientifically Bill Richardson The TQM Magazine Volume 7  · Number 4  · 1995  · pp. 42-56 Portrayals of F.W. Taylor across textbooks Stephanie C. Payne Satoris S. Youngcourt Kristen M. Watrous Journal of Management History Vol. 12 No. 4, 2006 pp. 385-407 www.emeraldinsight.com/1751-1348.htm Repainting, modifying, smashing Taylorism Hans Pruijt http://www.emerald-library.com Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 13 No. 5, 2000, pp. 439-451. Origins of lean management in America Excellence at Toyota Motor Manufacturing in the United States http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/management/external/els/Assignment%20Success/Essay%20Structure/Sample%20UG%20essay.doc http://www.emeraldinsight.com/0953-4814.htm

Kurt Donald Cobain Essay -- Nirvana Music Musical Essays Biography

Kurt Donald Cobain The subject of this writing, is on a man who changed music; a man on the level of Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, and Jim Morrison. This individual is Kurt Donald Cobain from the revolutionary grunge/rock band, Nirvana. While some people would never consider Cobain to hold a major role in the shaping of our music and culture today, they haven’t taken the time to look around. Many people overlook the fact that music played a huge role in the lives of Americans during the 90’s. Someday history books will probably even make note of the influence this rocker had on the decade. Kurt Cobain was born February 20, 1967 in a small town near Seattle, Washington. His family soon-after moved to Aberdeen, Washington. This period of his life was a difficult one because his parents divorced and he didn’t have much ambition to do much more than hanging out with his friends. Struggles with his parents caused him to move back and forth between them and to eventually move in with relatives. (The Cobain Memorial) The location didn’t aid the struggling teen’s life as Kurt said, â€Å"Aberdeen was nothing but rednecks and guns and booze.† He eventually found jobs as janitor and a YMCA lifeguard, but that was not quite the improvement a troubled teen needed. Kurt also struggled with fitting in during his school years. He spent much of his time hanging out with girls because he couldn’t deal with the generally macho attitudes of the guys in his school. He said, â€Å"I'm a heterosexual . . . big deal. But if I was a homosexual, it wouldn't matter either.† He ended up dropping out of high school shortly before graduation. (Kurt Cobain World) It was around this period of time that the professional career of Kurt began to ... ...X -Serial Joe -Muse -The Moto-Litas -Bush -Eleven -Therapy? -Crash Rickshaw -The Flys -Chopper One -Travis -Super Deluxe -Placebo -Rancid -Weezer -Sevendust -Rip Dizzy -The Vines -Moist -Everclear -Oleander -Taking Back Sunday -Deviates -Melon Diesel -Radiohead That list shows the power Nirvana and Kurt Cobain had on the art of music. (CD-Now) Works Cited Simpson, Travis. â€Å"Kurt Cobain Page† Last accessed September 8, 2002. http://ulfansiteforyou.bizhosting.com/forkurt.html Anderson, Andre. â€Å"The Cobain Memorial† Last accessed September 8, 2002 http://www.cobain.com Bà ¡ez, Xavier. â€Å"Kurt Cobain’s Biography and Nirvana History† Last accessed September 8, 2002. http://www.geocities.com/SunsetStrip/Venue/6582/Nirvana/kurt-biography.html "Nirvana: Related Artists" Last accessed September 8, 2002. http://www.cdnow.com

Local Culture and College Culture Essays -- Short Story Journalistic P

Local Culture and College Culture As the door swings open, five young males stroll into the restaurant displaying earrings, dreadlocks, and counterculture clothing, which causes several dozen flannel-clad, middle-aged men to turn their heads. The young men, all Goshen College students, sit down at a table in the corner and smile to themselves while the other customers continue to stare and chuckle at them for a few minutes. After the smirking waitress comes and kindly takes their orders, the guys recline in their seats and gaze out the window at the dawning sunlight, glad to be back for another quality breakfast at Southern Style. This scene has become routine for a group of five guys that wake up at 6:30 a.m. each Friday morning (two hours after Southern Style opens) to frequent the restaurant, located beside the Goshen Hardware Do it Center on Rt. 33, about a mile north of the intersection with College Avenue. The tradition began over a year ago when a group of friends (all male) at Goshen College started visiting various local diners on Friday mornings before classes started. The group gradually thinned out to about five regulars, who eventually established Southern Style as the permanent eatery of choice for their Friday morning outings. The group members give varying reasons for sacrificing sleep to return to Southern Style each week. Joel Beachy cites "food, friendship, and fellowship." Ryan Nofziger likes the "change of pace" from his busy college life that he gets by sitting and socializing for a couple hours in the diner. Andrew Histand (Stan) adds, "After a busy week, when we all convene at Southern Style†¦it's one of the most beautiful things," as he begins to choke up with ... ..."greasy-ass rotating cloth towel mechanism" in the bathroom that requires customers to dry off their wet hands and faces on used fabric that makes them feel like "you're wiping your face in someone else's lice." Andrew suggests that "the USDA needs to make a surprise visit" to Southern Style in the near future. Despite these scattered complaints about the restaurant, both the college students and the middle-aged construction workers remain religiously faithful to Southern Style. The diner's customers seem to find a sense of relaxation and togetherness within the restaurant's grease-splattered walls that they do not find in their lives outside of Southern Style. More than the food or the appearance, perhaps this laid-back, friendly ambiance makes Southern Style, as an anonymous customer states, "one of the only places open that's worth eating breakfast at."

All City Choir :: essays research papers

What do you think about when you think of singing? Do you think about the latest rock or pop craze? Or do you think about some opera singer on stage? For me, when I think about singing, I think about All City Choir.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All City Choir is a try-out choir made up of about 60 kids in grades four through eight who’ve come together to sing. We also have three awesome conductors Wendy Gee, Wendy Masciotra (or who we call Mrs. M), and Eva Bettger and we sing from September through April in our two seasons: Christmas Season and Spring Season.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In All City Choir, we also learn how to sing properly in many different ways. The first thing you learn is how to breath properly. We’re not allowed to breath like this (with your shoulders), but naturally like this (with your stomach). This is what my conductors call â€Å"tummy power†. One of the warm ups the choir conductors make us do are these huge sighs that start from the top of your voice and go down to the bottom of your voice to warm up our vocal chords and get us to breath properly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another technique we have to learn in choir practice is we learn now to pronounce vowels and consonants correctly. An example of that would be pronouncing out â€Å"D†s as light â€Å"T†s. We also have to keep our mouth round and you cannot smile while you’re singing or else it ruins the effect of the vowels. One thing we always always must do is to pronounce the consonants loudly. What our conductors always make us do to help us remember this is to say â€Å"We LoVe ouR CoNSoNaNTS!†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The last, but probably one of the most important things we have to do when we sing, is to listen to each other and to sing with the mood of the music. If it is a soft song we are singing, then we can’t sing loudly in the piece, and if it is a song requiring a lot of energy, we have to be enthusiastic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One piece we sang this year was called â€Å"Reflections of a Lad at Sea†. Our conductor for the last movement (Mrs. Gee) was always nagging us to add more energy into the song. The last movement was called â€Å"Ghost Ship† which was a story about a ghost ship a sailor had seen one night.

Foil between Mr.Darcy and Mr.Wickham

Path to Elizabeth's Heart Criticism and manners determine the image given to a person from society. The satire, â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† by Jane Austen, portrays the social life of young women who marry for love or money. The Bennet family becomes the center of attention through the conversing between Jane Bennet with Mr. Bingley, and Elizabeth Bennet with Mr. Darcy. Women married the wealthy for security and fortunate living. However, the men devise their own ways of courting women. Mr.Wickham and Mr. Darcy become foils of each other, through their many acquaintances with Elizabeth. First impressions create prejudice of a person, which cannot be easily changed. Elizabeth’s first encounter with Mr. Darcy is during a ball, â€Å"Mr. Darcy soon drew the attention of the room by his fine, tall, handsome features, noble mien†¦ the gentlemen pronounced him to be a fine figure of a man† (6). His physical features reflects his wealth, as well as the description o f a fine figure of a man.However, his physical features were not the only characteristics that were revealed during their first encounter, â€Å"his manners gave a disgust which turned the tide of his popularity; for he was discovered to be proud, to be above his company† (6). Mr. Darcy’s conversations with strangers were turned into declarations of superiority and detestment. Elizabeth saw this as a ungentlemanly manner which lead her to hate Mr. Darcy on her first encounter with him that night. Mr.Wickham on the other, â€Å"was the happy man towards whom almost every female eye was turned and the agreeable manner in which he immediately fell into conversation†¦ that the commonest, dullest, most threadbare topic might be rendered interesting† (52) Elizabeth also notices Mr. Wickham’s charm to making friends as well as his gentlemanly manner of conversing with others. She also takes an interest in what Mr. Wickham has to say, due to the conformation al bias of Mr. Wickham’s history with Mr. Darcy supporting her opinion of Mr. Darcy.She instantly trusts Mr. Wickham only because of his  manners and first impression of being of good manners. Mr. Darcy also states that, â€Å"Mr. Wickham is blessed with such happy manners as may ensure his making friends† (63). Mr. Wickham is agreeable but he also has no interest in the poor, because he only makes friends with those that will benefit him at the moment, and cast aside anyone who has played their part. The contrast between the men creates irony, because she she eventually marries the man whom she detest at first rather than the man who was agreeable at first. However, her impression on him changes once she receives the letter from Mr.Darcy. He reveals Mr. Wickham’s true nature during his visit in Pemberley was, â€Å"unquestionably my sister's fortune, which is thirty thousand pounds; but I cannot help supposing that the hope of revenging himself on me was a s trong inducement. †(137) This changes Elizabeth’s impression on Mr. Wickham and it influences her to review all that she had thought and said to Mr. Darcy. She states that she did not understand herself any more, causing her to realize the mercenary attention Mr. Wickham had given to Miss King. She could not call upon the traits to defend Mr. Wickham besides his manners.The roles of Mr. Wickham and Mr. Darcy have switched, Elizabeth visits Pemberley and reunites with Mr. Darcy, â€Å"they soon drew from those enquiries the full conviction that one of them at least knew what it was to love†¦ overflowing with admiration was evident enough,†(175). Revealing the true feelings that Elizabeth has for Darcy and the evident admiration from Darcy, Austen portrays an ideal love scene from the dreams of a woman during the era. The foils of Mr. Darcy and Mr. Wickham emphasises the prejudice of society and first impressions which cover the truth. The history between Mr. Darcy and Mr.Wickham display a forked path to their own personalities. Mr. Wickham was the son of Mr. Darcy’s father’s steward who was â€Å"of a very respectable man, who had for many years the management of all the Pemberley estates,† (135). The juxtaposition of being the son of the lord and the son of the steward who worked under him, displays the contrast of Mr. Darcy’s and Mr. Wickham’s personalities. Darcy would have been educated by his father or schooling, and thus he spent years alone, with his sister, after his father died, meanwhile Wickham learned his manners from being a steward under Pemberley.Their own paths formed the personalities which they have become. Another example appears within Darcy’s letter, Mr. Wickham â€Å"had some intention†¦ of studying the law, and I must be aware that the interest of one thousand pounds would be a very insufficient support therein† (136). The legacy of one-thousand pounds that Mr. Darcy’s father left to Wickham was not enough to allow Wickham to survive through is years. Darcy gives Wickham three-thousand goals to allow Wickham to attend law school, however the law soon declined and was not a profitable field to enter.Coming back to Darcy for assistant, Wickham gets denied of money. Wickham seeking vengeance, â€Å"he so far recommended himself to Georgiana, whose affectionate heart retained a strong impression of his kindness to her as a child, that she was persuaded to believe herself in love, and to consent to an elopement† (137). Wickham was after the fortune on Miss Darcy as revenge for not helping him through his years of distress. Contrast between evil intentions and pure hearts exposes the satire behind Austen’s writing.The irony of falling in love with a corrupted man while being pure at heart, emphasises blinding love. Darcy’s and Wickham’s history with each other reveals the different paths which both of them tak e. Jane Austen expresses her views of social life of the poor and the wealthy through Darcy’s and Wickham’s first impression on Elizabeth. Her prejudice and pride blinds her from realizing the truth behind Darcy and Wickham. The foils of the agreeable Wickham and discerning Darcy, portrays society as a loveless defect with only money on their minds. Foil between Mr.Darcy and Mr.Wickham Path to Elizabeth's Heart Criticism and manners determine the image given to a person from society. The satire, â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† by Jane Austen, portrays the social life of young women who marry for love or money. The Bennet family becomes the center of attention through the conversing between Jane Bennet with Mr. Bingley, and Elizabeth Bennet with Mr. Darcy. Women married the wealthy for security and fortunate living. However, the men devise their own ways of courting women.Mr.  Wickham and Mr. Darcy become foils of each other, through their many acquaintances with Elizabeth. First impressions create prejudice of a person, which cannot be easily changed. Elizabeth’s first encounter with Mr. Darcy is during a ball, â€Å"Mr. Darcy soon drew the attention of the room by his fine, tall, handsome features, noble mien†¦ the gentlemen pronounced him to be a fine figure of a man† (6). His physical features reflects his wealth, as well as the descriptio n of a fine figure of a man.However, his physical features were not the only characteristics that were revealed during their first encounter, â€Å"his manners gave a disgust which turned the tide of his popularity; for he was discovered to be proud, to be above his company† (6). Mr. Darcy’s conversations with strangers were turned into declarations of superiority and detestment. Elizabeth saw this as a ungentlemanly manner which lead her to hate Mr. Darcy on her first encounter with him that night.Mr. Wickham on the other, â€Å"was the happy man towards whom almost every female eye was turned and the agreeable manner in which he immediately fell into conversation†¦ that the commonest, dullest, most threadbare topic might be rendered interesting† (52) Elizabeth also notices Mr. Wickham’s charm to making friends as well as his gentlemanly manner of conversing with others. She also takes an interest in what Mr. Wickham has to say, due to the conformat ional bias of Mr. Wickham’s history with Mr. Darcy supporting her opinion of Mr. Darcy.She instantly trusts Mr. Wickham only because of his  manners and first impression of being of good manners. Mr. Darcy also states that, â€Å"Mr. Wickham is blessed with such happy manners as may ensure his making friends† (63). Mr. Wickham is agreeable but he also has no interest in the poor, because he only makes friends with those that will benefit him at the moment, and cast aside anyone who has played their part. The contrast between the men creates irony, because she she eventually marries the man whom she detest at first rather than the man who was agreeable at first. However, her impression on him changes once she receives the letter from Mr. Darcy.He reveals Mr. Wickham’s true nature during his visit in Pemberley was, â€Å"unquestionably my sister's fortune, which is thirty thousand pounds; but I cannot help supposing that the hope of revenging himself on me was a strong inducement. †(137) This changes Elizabeth’s impression on Mr. Wickham and it influences her to review all that she had thought and said to Mr. Darcy. She states that she did not understand herself any more, causing her to realize the mercenary attention Mr. Wickham had given to Miss King. She could not call upon the traits to defend Mr. Wickham besides his manners.The roles of Mr. Wickham and Mr. Darcy have switched, Elizabeth visits Pemberley and reunites with Mr. Darcy, â€Å"they soon drew from those enquiries the full conviction that one of them at least knew what it was to love†¦ overflowing with admiration was evident enough,†(175). Revealing the true feelings that Elizabeth has for Darcy and the evident admiration from Darcy, Austen portrays an ideal love scene from the dreams of a woman during the era. The foils of Mr. Darcy and Mr. Wickham emphasises the prejudice of society and first impressions which cover the truth. The history between M r. Darcy and Mr. Wickham display a forked path to their own personalities.Mr. Wickham was the son of Mr. Darcy’s father’s steward who was â€Å"of a very respectable man, who had for many years the management of all the Pemberley estates,† (135). The juxtaposition of being the son of the lord and the son of the steward who worked under him, displays the contrast of Mr. Darcy’s and Mr. Wickham’s personalities. Darcy would have been educated by his father or schooling, and thus he spent years alone, with his sister, after his father died, meanwhile Wickham learned his manners from being a steward under Pemberley.Their own paths formed the personalities which they have become. Another example appears within Darcy’s letter, Mr. Wickham â€Å"had some intention†¦ of studying the law, and I must be aware that the interest of one thousand pounds would be a very insufficient support therein† (136). The legacy of one-thousand pounds that Mr. Darcy’s father left to Wickham was not enough to allow Wickham to survive through is years. Darcy gives Wickham three-thousand goals to allow Wickham to attend law school, however the law soon declined and was not a profitable field to enter.Coming back to Darcy for assistant, Wickham gets denied of money. Wickham seeking vengeance, â€Å"he so far recommended himself to Georgiana, whose affectionate heart retained a strong impression of his kindness to her as a child, that she was persuaded to believe herself in love, and to consent to an elopement† (137). Wickham was after the fortune on Miss Darcy as revenge for not helping him through his years of distress. Contrast between evil intentions and pure hearts exposes the satire behind Austen’s writing.The irony of falling in love with a corrupted man while being pure at heart, emphasises blinding love. Darcy’s and Wickham’s history with each other reveals the different paths which both of them take. Jane Austen expresses her views of social life of the poor and the wealthy through Darcy’s and Wickham’s first impression on Elizabeth. Her prejudice and pride blinds her from realizing the truth behind Darcy and Wickham. The foils of the agreeable Wickham and discerning Darcy, portrays society as a loveless defect with only money on their minds.

Wwi Apush Essay

WHATS hap IN OUR WORLD As sphere War I was raging in Europe, a political and social transition defined by a splutter between the labor class and capitalists was winning place in Russia. This precaution of collectivism became known as the Red S commission, and was truly prominent in the early 1900s. The Russian Revolution of November 1917 made it clear that communism was no longer simply a theory, but now an principal(prenominal) regime. unspoilt as the Russian communists had appointed themselves the champions of the workers, the tiny U.S. group of communists had also taken up the workers cause. The American Communist Party was form in 1919. They were quick to align with the atmospheric pressure union issues, especially labor strikes brought whatsoeverwhat by high post-war prices. This alignment shot an American public already pestered with a wave of strikes. The first luminary strike occurred in February 1919, when Seattle was brought to a realistic standstill.Anot her round of strikes starting in folk 1919, organized by the radical William Foster, resulted in approximately 340,000 steelworkers, factory workers, and dockworkers declaring a strike, which keep to heighten popular suspicion. These strikes are important because they marked a grave turnaround that crippled the union movement for everyplace 10 years. In 1921, the Shepard Towner maternity and Infancy Act, one of the first pieces of national welfare legislation that provided funds for support the health of women and infants, was passed.The Sheppard-Towner Act was important because it provided for federal matching funds for such programs as health clinics for women and children, visiting nurses to educate and care for pregnant and new mothers, midwife training, and distribution of nutrition and hygiene information. So, in some cases, the fear of communism is beneficial, but, in others, the fear results in loss of jobs.

Emily Dickinson – Theme of Love

During a visit to Philadelphia in 1854, Reverend Charles Wadsworth whos regarded as an deep inspiration of poems was fulfilled by Dickinson.Also, Dickinson isolated herself and emphasized her isolation by dressing in white. Her seclusion is present as a motif in some love poems. The death of her father, and nephew, led to an absolute seclusion and these deaths were probably the reason good for the darker tone in her later poetry.Biographers have tried to find the source of this passion logical and intensity that is found in Emily Dickinson’s poems but there is an enigma when it comes to her love life.Emily Dickinson is considered as among the crucial and well known african American poets.I decided to analyse some poems in which Emily Dickinson wrote about love from these different stranding points. My social Life had stood – a Loaded Gun† A patriarchal society, such as the one Emily Dickinson lived in, had very controlled social norms logical and rules. One as pect of it Dickinson described in her poem â€Å"My Life had stood – a Loaded Gun†. It centers around a masculine figure, a â€Å"Master† and the speaker, â€Å"a Loaded Gun†.

She dwelt 55 years softly.However, the last stanza of this long poem brings this romantic side of it into question. Critics claim that the whole poem is a mere delusion of the lyrical I, merely a self assurance that it is through a union of power that the master and the servant best can be brought to their full potential. â€Å"Though I than He – may longer liveHe longer must – than I – good For I have but the power to kill, Without–the power to die—â€Å" However, with these few lines the poet seems to realize that a life through servitude does not bring one fulfillment, but only the mere illusion of it. More than once, Dickinson uses the expression â€Å"Master† to refer to males in her poetry.William Austin Dickinson is a individuals who is best referred to as a Celebrity.Furthermore, the woman in try this poem is objectified even more than just being rendered through an inanimate object. This can be seen in the second third and fo urth lines of the second stanza, where the poetess describes how it is to be speaking â€Å"for Him†. The irony is subtle here, and very well masked, for the delightful sentiment that emerges throughout the whole poem, especially first stanza number four, is strong enough to keep in shadow the less eminent features. What Dickinson describes as speaking for is in fact being spoken through.

Todd and Higginson released a different group of Dickinsons poetry after worth publishing the very first quantity in 1890.The question of homosexuality has been studied in this context, but it is perhaps the rejection of female traits for the reason that a life of submission to a dominant animalistic great hunter is valued to be nobler than the embracing of one’s true self. Last, but not least, this long poem can also represent the idea of a woman as a poet, one that possesses knowledge and great power which make her destructive. Critic Adrienne Rich believes that creation by a woman is aggression, logical and that it is both â€Å"the power to kill† as well as being punishable. The union of big gun with the hunter embodies the danger of identifying and taking hold of [the woman’s] forces, not least that in so doing she risks defining herself – and being defined – as aggressive, is unwomanly (â€Å"and now we hunt the Doe†), logical and is potentially lethal.Emily received a wonderful education.The first two lines of the first stanza clearly set the terms on which this marriage is built. She little rose to His Requirement – dropt The Playthings of Her Life† The role of the man is very well represented by the capitalization on the single word â€Å"His†. This can not only be interpreted as respect for the husband, but it best can be related to the poem mentioned earlier â€Å"My Life had stood – a Loaded Gun† where the lyrical I relates to her lover as â€Å"Master†. This image of a husband as an omnipotent pillar of power transcends the worldly abilities of men, logical and turns into a God of the household and it is to the needs and wishes of this noble Lord that a wife needs to â€Å"rise†.

She had a life that is very reclusive.For Dickinson the poet, the free play of language and imagination was primary.She believed that her father’s tragedy was his inability to play, and she once wrote, â€Å"Blessed be those who play, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. † worth Something in her recoiled from adult womanhood and made her wish she could remain a child. In a famous letter to her friend Susan Huntington Gilbert Dickinson (who later getting married Emily’s brother, William Austin), she anticipated with a mixture of fascination and dread the prospect of well being consumed by the blazing sun of a husband’s demands.A guy cannot be too careful in the selection of his enemies.Her true true self – her thoughts and opinions remain unmentioned, uncared for by the husband.Dickinson uses the sea to illustrate her point. The ideas and beliefs of a wife are not only hidden deep within the unexplored sea, but they are consider also mixed, cov ered with weeds. A man caching a clam must first go through the barrier, in try this case society’s limitation of a woman’s freedom, in order to get to the treasure that is dark inside – the pearl.

Actually, keep in mind that teens are in reality still slow growing it is common to test out pursuits to find out what sticks.Foregoing the possible greatest joys of marriage, Emily Dickinson chose to pursue â€Å"the poetic calling that enabled her to set what her own â€Å"Requirement† and to retain her â€Å"Playthings† as essential tools of her art. † (Leiter 174) â€Å"If you were coming in the fall. † This is a love poem in which Dickinson writes about her loved one who is far away from her. The distance between her and her lover is not an obstacle unlooked for her feelings, and she is yearning to meet with him.Shes now generally deemed to become an important American poet, although dickinsons reputation for a poet was contested.A season becomes a year in the second stanza. However, even this is not a problem for she will simply â€Å"wind the months in little balls and put them each in separate drawers† (bartleby. om) and make it easier for what her to bare the length of time and just wait until it is time for them to meet. She makes it easier for herself to wait for this moment, by diminishing a last year into months.

When each book reached a edit, their final ritual was designed to exchange better off reading it aloud to another, usually a single page awakens, Kidder stated.She would toss away her life â€Å"like a rind,†(bartleby. com) as something that is not important.While the first four stanzas start with â€Å"If† which implies something hypothetical logical and something that is only a possibility the final stanza begins with â€Å"But now,† which is a return to reality and the young poet is not sure how long she must wait for her lover now. Furthermore, she is not sure if they will meet at all, or is he even coming.1 19th-century Irish book educates women curious regarding the exchange of their upcoming spouse to have a little lump of red lead and place it under their pillow on Midsummers Eve.What if I say I shall logical not wait? This poem is about separation as well.Lovers are here apart because of others, and not their own will. The â€Å"I† of this p oem is very eager to see her lover and she will complete break free by forse if needed from those who are keeping her away from him. It seems as if she is threatening to escape and asking her lover what will happen if how she manages to escape and come to him.