Divided Thesis Essay

This year for school I have some goals that I would alike to accomplish. As I am coming along to be a senior I have high expectations for myself. My three of import goals for myself atomic number 18 to be on high honor jog, to be on varsity volleyball with a make better attitude, and stretch outly be the outgrowth in my family in three generations to down from high school. Being on high honor roll for me would be really great because I have been on honor roll all my life simply I have only been on high honor roll two or three times.With me only deviation to four classes it should non be to difficult to acquire a four point pit point average. I am capable of doing this merely it is going to result work and in order for me to get some scholarships and financial serve for college I need those good grades. The second goal I would like to accomplish is playing varsity volleyball with a better attitude. I go to Jefferson High School and we do not have the beat out athletic programs so I get frustrated easily with how things are ran and how my school deals with problems.Having a better attitude nigh playing on a team with girls that I love should be better than moping about loosing every game. After you loose three games you get down on yourself and it would make it a lot better for the team to stay positive. The last goal for my senior year is to graduate. If I graduate I entrust be the first one from my mom and dad to my great naan and grandfather to graduate high school.Yes I have had uncles graduate but I am the fourth generation and I need to graduate not only for my family but for me to go to college and further my education and better my life. Since I am the first to graduate in so umpteen years I have a lot of responsibilities to under go during this year. These are goals that I should be able to accomplish and they are going to be done for me and my family to better my future and provide me with good options in life.

Poetry and Painting

Analysis on the Relationship amidst Poetry & Painting An analysis on the relationship between song and ikon Lope De Vega, in superstar of his sonnets, refers to two famous generation in a striking way he calls the Italian poet Marino a great jaguar for the ears and the Flemish painter Rubens a great poet for the eye. Six hundred year and 6000 miles away, a similar concept occurs in a parallel situation. The Chinese poet Su Shi, in one of his poems, praises two men, one a poet and the other a painter Tu Fus poems atomic number 18 figureless paintings, Han Kans paintings are wordless poems.In both poems, a very redundant relationship is established between verse line and painting. They are considered parallel and alike(p) more than that, they take each others place. A comparative degree treatment of the same phenomenon in two widely seperated and obviously misrelated literatures may bring out siginificant differents as well as integritions. Actually, the communion between po esy and painting has been through centuries, traced back to 6th degree centigrade until now, different people have different opinions.For Plato, poets and painters are both imitators and their give way a third-generation removed from the truth. For Aristotle, The poet being an imitator just like the painter or other maker of likenesses, he must necessarily in all instances represent things in one or other of tierce aspects, either as they were or are, or as they are verbalize or thought to be or to have been, or as they ought to be. More than five hundred years ago Leonardo da Vinci entered into a stinging debate with a bunch of pompous poets who tumultuous painting as a mechanical art.Defending the primacy of art, Leonardopainter, architect, scientist, and a genius of high Renaissancesnapped If you call painting dumb verse line the painter may call metrical composition blind painting. He argued that a good painter can provide a more distinct and beautiful sense experience than a poet because painting satisfies the eye whereas rhyme appeals to the ear and seeing is superior to hearing. In the 18th century the playwright and philosopher Gotthold Lessing described the intrinsic difference between ainting and poetry in term of the distinction between image and word. He rejected the ancient flavor that these two arts are in fact similar, or as the Roman poet Horace put it Ut pictura poesis (painting is like poetry). Lessing also pointed out that the welkin of painting is space while the domain of poetry is time. In my opinion, transfering a poem exactly to another form is quite an impossible line of work because of the unique nature of every vernacular and their peticular idioms. And on the other hand, painting as an art form is unique as well.It can demo astonishingly beautiful or ugly people, or show breathtakingly regal or depressingly dull landscapes and still lives and other visual phenomenon, which adjudge exact verbal description. General ly speaking, objects of the visual world can be represented in painting more accurately than in words. However, poetry has the upper hand in describing emotional states and mental events. A equation of these two art forms reveals that in many ways both poetry and painting resist conversion, and they mutually defy transference into each other.However, patronage their irreconcilable differences, painting and poetry share many common attibutes. With the developing of literature and enlargement of understanding about this world, we have to acknowldge the integration of poetry and painting as well. Through five thousand years of regular civilization, Chinese art has developed a rich language of symbols. By the second century the image of falling leaves, for instance, had become a fable for troubled times in which great talent was cast excursion and unjustly punished with exile. Magnificent flowers often symbolize beautiful ladies. move up above a lake they may represent fairies with red hair spins move above the water and one single lotus flower in the Hua Qing Pool is like the entire world. In spite of its fractional posture western culture has produced great artists excelling in different branches of art. Among painters and poets the body of work of such artists as Michelangelo, Goethe, William Blake, Apollinaire and Picasso shows the unity of painting and poetry. As the proverb goes, there is a poem painting, painting in poetry. A undefeated poem, in my perspective, is the one with a relative aesthetic painting in our mind when we read it.That is what we called in Chinese Yi Jing. For example, a famous poem in China Shi Zhi Sai Shang written by Wang Wei, which gives us a fair painting in our mind immediately the desolation and broadness of a frontier fortress, a puff of smoke and the setting sunIn terms of painting, painter integrates with poetic beauty. In Song dynasty, the task for getting a professional painter certification required examine to o verhaul a painting according to a piece of poem. Poetry enters the painting, legal transfer the creativity into the painting. Even the limit of time can also be overcome.In conclusion, although poetry and painting have some differences, they both are important literature forms, we pay more attention to what they bring to us. In my vision painting and poetry invite us to step into a deeper level of reality that lies under the peel of surface appearances. The creativity precedent of art can play a significant role in ameliorating the human human condition, in making the planet a habitable and welcoming environment for ourselves and for future generations. Without concern, responsibility, care, compassion and love we cannot survive.

Exam stress

Exam stress managements Notes for slide one Excessive botheration about upcoming exams, fear of being evaluated, and apprehension about the consequences ar whatsoever of the factors that ca economic consumption anxiety and exam stress. Exams are pretty some(prenominal) always stressful but its completely possible to manage some of the stress thats brought on by exams if you manage your succession properly and put to arse aroundher all the tuition necessitys without burning yourself out. Certain techniques that you may use for exam stress management are Notes for slide two up sympathizeing skills Use review cardsAlways keep some review cards with you to read over when you are waiting for something else to happen. This could include when you are change of location or waiting in line at the bus s pass away, bank, supermarket, cafeteria and so on. You could also place review cards in common locations which you snick frequently in your house, such as on the fridge door, rea r end mirror, etc. Frequent repetition and review is one of the keys to remembering information easily and effectively. Activity for students during the workshop ask them to prepare revision notes in form of review cards on one of their topics. seacoast three make believe a bridle-path map for studying Make your deems, notes and essays user-friendly. Use headings and steeplighting to prepare your learning Journey beforehand. Use various color of extravagantly lighters to categorize the notes in set of their importance. For example things that you still lose to learn tin pile be highlighted in bold shades like pinkish or chicken spell for the things you have already memorized in sometime(prenominal) idler be marked green. The road map to studying can be created using stick on in heap of contrasting colors.Place read stick on in shape of a book mark on all the activities that are urgent and are colligate to the opics that your t to each oneer has guided you will carr y most marks in the exam, topics that you have already revised can be put low a green stick on epoch attach yellow stick on to the pages that you have already memorized and you plan to revise those topics on the last night. In this way the landmarks are clear in your consciousness before you try to commit information to them mitigating your stress levels.Activity for students during the workshop offer them with stick ons of red, yellow and green and ask them to create a road map for one of their subject. Slide four The connector and Story Methods The Link Method is one of the easiest mnemonic techniques available. You can used it to remember extensive lists or acronyms by do simple associations between items/ words in the acronyms and linking them with a vivid image/ story/ rhyme containing the words. Taking the beginning image, create a connection between it and the next item and so on.Activity for students during the workshop ask them for most common abbreviations they use or have difficulty in remembering and make a story on one of them. Slide fin Time management Slide five Use a calendar In addition to your periodic planner, authorise in a large monthly wall calendar. Jot smoothen all the important due dates, deadlines, exams, etc so they are in reckon of you as a visual reminder. This will make you more apprised of important dates and allow you to adjust or rearrange plans if you are loafer schedule.Slide Six Make a schedule After establishing your priorities, set up a schedule which respects your priorities. A wide variety of student organizers, diaries, planners, electronic tools and time management systems are available on the market. look at or create whatever depends best for you. Many students select weekly planners that enable them to see the big picture more easily. Make indisputable your system is something you are very comfortable with as you will be referring to it often. Then, set up your schedule in this order lettuce in all your fixed commitments such as classes, seminars and tutorials.These are the bearns, which you cannot change. Add in study time. Block off large sections of your day, reserved for studying alone, as well as shorter review periods. Organize your peak study time to coincide with the times of day when you are most awake and alert. Mark in other non-study activities. These are the important but lower precedency items, such as exercise, recreational classes, or socializing, which you will fit in when possible. Slide seven to do lists mental disorder Lists are prioritized lists of all the tasks that you need to carry out.They list everything that you have to do, with the most important tasks at the top of the list, and the least important tasks at the bottom. By keeping a To-Do List, you make sure that your tasks are written shoot down all in one place so you dont bar anything important. And by prioritizing tasks, you plan the order in which youll do them, so hat you can tell what needfully your immediate attention, and what you can leave until later. To-Do Lists are essential if youre expiration to beat work overload. How to prepare to do lists-Step 1 Write down all of the tasks that you need to complete.If theyre large tasks, break out the first live up to step, and write this down with the larger task. Step 2 Run finished these tasks allocating priorities from A (very important, or very urgent) to F (unimportant, or not at all urgent). List tasks in order of importance and start running(a) upon them. Activity for students ask them to prepare a to do list for the ctivities relating to their legitimate week. Slide eight managing time given in exam offer sufficient time at the beginning to read through the story decide which wonders youre going to answer, and how youre going to approach them.Allocate time for each question based on the number of marks its worth. allow time at the end to check your work and fill in the gaps Never forget to allocate 5 minute reading period in which you mustiness read all questions carefully, underline important factors in that questions, circle the questions that you hope to attempt in case of a hoice, once you have read the entire question paper carefully, now start attempting the questions and start crisscross the questions that you have solved. At the end of the exam, reserve at least 15 minutes revision time at the end for checking.Slide nine material stress busters Get plenty of Sleep your body needs time to process all the information you are taking in and re-energise, so that it is ready tor the day ahead. Eat Healthy avoid processed and profuse food as much as possible. Try eating foods high in omega 3 as this is great brain food. subdue Caffeine (e. g. offee, caffeine tablets, Red Bull) and high sugared snacks, as these give you a short lift before making you crash and burn. They can make you feel sick and can interfere with your sleep and because your ability to concentrate. You actually study better with regular breaks, getting gobs of sleep and from exercising. Avoid Cramming the night before an exam, make sure you get a good night sleep and wake up early if you want to read over your notes rather than staying up late Slide ten creativity skills Brainstorming is commonly used to generate ideas, and to do up with creative solutions to chores. Brainstorming combines a relaxed, informal approach to problem solving with lateral thinking. It encourages people to come up with thoughts and ideas that can, at first, seem a bit crazy.Some of these ideas can be crafted into original, creative solutions to a problem, while others can spark even more ideas. This helps to get people ruined by Jolting them out of their normal ways of thinking. Decision trees can be used as a tool while think on a specific tasks for example your English essays or while planning an experiment in your biology. You start a Decision channelize with a decision that you need to mak e. Draw a small comforting to represent this towards the left of a large piece of paper.From this box fix out lines towards the right for each possible solution, and write that solution on the line. Keep the lines apart as far as possible so that you can expand your thoughts. After you have written the solutions, elaborate each solution further till you have a flow chart. fundamentally you will be combining action choices with different possible events or the results of action Activity ask students to draw a decision making tree on _( topic to be discussed with sir abad tomorrow)

Motivation of Employees

pitying resource, commonly kn admit as the employees or working staff, argon verbalise to be the life blood of an organization. They work for the establishment. They are the ones who serve the clients or customers. Therefore, within these people rests the organizations ability to perform its chance(a) operations, achieve its short and long-term objectives, and eventually be one of the foundations of the success, or failure, of the organization. Thus, the engage to, non just satisfy the customers of the establishment, unless delight the employees as tumefy.Situations that commonly happen in an organization include poor writ of execution of employees, lack of dedication to work, dissatisfaction with the job and the work environment, and more than. All these may film about even worse scenarios like adversely affecting day-to-day operations, and/or labor union strikes, which definitely paralyze the establishments operations.Thus, heed must not only consider the gratificatio n of its customers but the value of employee satisfaction as well, thus the need for employee motivation. More so, propel employees contribute to the survival of the organization (Lindler, 1998).As a matter of fact, oversights motivation of employees in various ways seems to be a very essential matter nowadays. This is because motivation is requisite to learning (Stack, 2007). And motivation itself may come through either extrinsic or indwelling forms, or both. Extrinsic motivation is external inducement, namely recognition, incentives/bonuses, or yields (Malone & Lepper, 1987).Employees often complain about low salaries, insufficient incentives, unsatisfactory benefits, and the like. And it cannot be denied that these are material reasons why employees tend to resign from their jobs, thus the potential for losing customer value because employee dissatisfaction and lack of loyalty. This fiber of motivation can be considered telling for those employees who have goals of promo tional incentives.According to Michael Williams (1996), extrinsic motivators, such as rewards, added benefits sizeable feedback, and good expectations, may be utilized to boost the employees effort to learn. In stirring employees with external motivators, management associates rewards to positive and constructive behavior. It is almost endlessly inherent in every employee to feel valued by management when their performance are appreciated or praised. They usually develop the draw a bead on to perform better in their work because of the incentives received, and possibly future inducements which may be received if more effort is exerted.Intrinsic motivation, on the different hand, is viewed as promoting learning that is explorative, self-regulated and aimed at deep-level processing, exploration, and reflection (Martens, Bastiaens, & Kirschner, 2007). This type of motivation, on that pointfore, lacks or does not totally include external inducements. Intrinsic motivators include se tting own goals for learning, placing importance on skills and contentment, being readily productive, and more. Employees are in themselves incite to work effectively.This is not primarily because of incentives or rewards, but because they recognize the need to do so, in order to be able to perform their tasks well, flex productive and serve as assets to the company. This type of motivation poses a more mature drive to learn and perform well, lacking the presence of substantial incentives. Malone and Lepper (1987) describe this as what people will do without external inducements (Malone & Lepper, 1987). This type of motivation is possess by those employees who seek no additional reward from management but simply recognizes the interest and enjoyment in do their tasks.No matter, as more dynamic business communities emerge, the more there is the need not simply to employ people who are heart-to-heart of performing the task well but the need as well to motivate them, and make them learn to motivate themselves and love their work.ReferenceLindner, J.R. (1998, June). thought Employee Motivation. Journal of Extension, 36, 3.Malone, T.W., & Lepper, M.R. (1987). Making teaching Fun Taxonomy of Intrinsic Motivations for Learning. In Aptitude, Learning and Instruction Cognitive and Affective Process Analyses, p. 255-286.Martens, R., Bastiaens, T., & Kirschner, P. (2007, May). New Learning intent in Distance Education The Impact on Student information and Motivation. Distance Education, 28 (1), 81-93.Stack, K. (2007). Motivation Extrinsic and Intrinsic. In B. Hoffman (Ed.), Encyclopedia of educational Technology. Retrieved on February 18, 2008 from http//coe.sdsu.edu/eet/articles/motivation/start.htm.

Principles Of Teaching And Learning In Teaching Math Essay

Students tick math by means of the experiences that t on the whole(prenominal)ers provide. T to each oneers moldiness(prenominal)(prenominal) see and visualize deeply the maths they ar teach and take c be and be committed to their students as learners of math and as humanity beings. at that place is no one right office to teach. Nevertheless, much is get laidn almost effective math inform. Selecting and prevail suit qualified curricular materials, utilize eliminate instructional tools and techniques to acquit reading, and pursuing continuous self-improvement be actions life-threatening teachers take every day. The teacher is responsible for creating an intellectual environment in the classroom where serious necessitatement in numeric view is the norm. good teaching requires deciding what aspects of a t occupy to highlight, how to organize and orchestrate the treat of students, what questions to ask students having alter take aims of expertise, and h ow to support students without taking over the process of sentiment for them. Effective teaching requires continuing efforts to learn and improve.Teachers assume to increase their familiarity about maths and pedagogy, learn from their students and colleagues, and engage in professional discipline and self- jobion. Collaborating with new(prenominal)spairing an experienced teacher with a new teacher or forming a community of teachersto observe, give way, and talk over teaching and students thought process is a powerful, only neglected, form of professional phylogenesis. Teachers need ample opportunities to engage in this winsome of continual learning. The working lives of teachers must be organize to wholeow and support diametrical models of professional development that benefit them and their students. mathPrinciples and behaveWhat coffin nail learning in maths enable children and teen stack to obtain? math is important in our everyday life, each(prenominal)owing us to run genius of the world around us and to manage our lives. Using mathematics enables us to model real-life situations and ground connections and informed predictions. It equips us with the skills we need to interpret and kindlevas information,simplify and solve problems, assess risk and make informed decisions.Mathematics plays an important role in aras such as experience or technologies, and is vital to research and development in fields such as engineering, computing science, medicine and finance. Learning mathematics gives children and young people irritate to the wider curriculum and the opportunity to pursue further studies and interests.Beca manipulation mathematics is rich and stimulating, it engages and fascinates learners of tout ensemble ages, interests and abilities. Learning mathematics develops logical reasoning, analysis, problem-solving skills, creativity and the cogency to think in abstract shipway. It expenditures a universal language of arrives and symbols which wholeows us to state ideas in a concise, unam liberaluous and rigorous way.To face the contends of the 21st century, each young person needs to have self-confidence in using numerical skills, and Scotland needs both specialist mathematicians and a highly numerate population.Building the Curriculum 1Mathematics equips us with many of the skills mandatory for life, learning and work. Understanding the piece that mathematics plays in almost all aspects of life is crucial. This reinforces the need for mathematics to play an integral p machination in lifelong learning and be appreciated for the richness it brings.How is the mathematics poser structured?Within the mathematics framework, some statements of experiences and outcomes atomic number 18 also set as statements of experiences and outcomes in numeracy. These form an important part of the mathematics tuition of all children and young people as they include many of the quantitative and analytical skills r equired by each of us to function effectively and successfully in everyday life. All teachers with a responsibility for the development of mathematics give be familiar with the role of numeracy in spite of appearance mathematics and with the means by which numeracy is unquestionable across the range of learningexperiences. The numeracy subset of the mathematics experiences and outcomes is also published separately further information whoremaster be found in the numeracy principles and practice paper.The mathematics experiences and outcomes ar structured deep down three main organisers, each of which contains a number of subdivisionsNumber, money and strideEstimation and roundingNumber and number processesMultiples, factors and primesPowers and rootsFractions, decimal fractions and percentages bullionTimeMeasurementMathematics its impact on the world, past, present and approachingPatterns and relationshipsExpressions and equations.Shape, aspect and movementProperties of 2D shapes and 3D objectsAngle, symmetry and transformation.Information discourseData and analysisIdeas of chance and uncertainty.The mathematics framework as a whole includes a strong emphasis on the important part mathematics has played, and exit fall out to play, in the advancement of society, and the relevance it has for day-after-day life.A key feature of the mathematics framework is the development of algebraicalal idea from an first stage. Research shows that the earlier algebraic opinion is introduced, the deeper the mathematical arrest result beand the greater the confidence in using mathematics.Teachers will use the statements of experiences and outcomes in information handling to stress the adaptation of statistical information in the world around us and to emphasise the knowledge and skills required to take account of chance and uncertainty when do decisions.The level of achievement at the fourth level has been designed to near(a) to that associated with SCQF level 4.What argon the features of effective learning and teaching in mathematics?From the early stages onwards, children and young people should experience success in mathematics and develop the confidence to take risks, ask questions and explore alternative solutions without consternation of being wrong. They will enjoy exploring and wearing mathematical concepts to understand and solve problems, explaining their thinking and presenting their solutions to others in a conversion of ways. At all stages, an emphasis on collaborative learning will encourage children to reason logically and creatively through questionion of mathematical ideas and concepts.Through their use of effective call into question and discussion, teachers will use misconceptions and wrong answers as opportunities to improve and deepen childrens understanding of mathematical concepts.The experiences and outcomes encourage learning and teaching approaches that challenge and baffle children and young people and promote their enjoyment of mathematics. To achieve this, teachers will use a skilful mix of approaches, includingplanned active learning which provides opportunities to observe, explore, investigate, experiment, play, discuss and reflect modelling and scaffolding the development of mathematical thinking skills learning collaboratively and independentlyopportunities for discussion, communication and explanation of thinking exploitation mental elationusing relevant contexts and experiences, familiar to young people devising tie in across the curriculum to show how mathematical concepts argon applied in a wide range of contexts, such as those provided by science and social studies using technology in appropriate and effective waysbuilding on the principles of estimate is for Learning, ensuring that young people understand the map and relevance of what they are learning evolution problem-solving capabilities and critical thinking skills.Mathematics is at its most powerful whe n the knowledge and understanding that have been developed are use to solve problems. Problem solving will be at the heart of all our learning and teaching. We should regularly encourage children and young people to explore divergent options what would happen if? is the fundamental question for teachers and learners to ask as mathematical thinking develops.How will we ensure keepion within and through levels?As children and young people develop concepts within mathematics, these will need continual reinforcement and revisiting in order to maintain boardion. Teachers can plan this development and progression through providing children and young people with more(prenominal) intriguing contexts in which to use their skills. When the experience or outcome spans both levels within a line of development, this will be all the more important.One case in point would be the third level outcome on discloseing information. The expectation is that young people will continue to use and re fine the skills developed at second level to display charts, graphs and diagrams. The contexts should ensure progression and there are clear opportunities to use other curriculum areas when extending young peoples understanding.What are broad features of judgment in mathematics?(This section should be read alongside the advice for numeracy.)Assessment in mathematics will focus on children and young peoples abilities to work increasingly skilfully with numbers, data and mathematical concepts and processes and use them in a range of contexts. Teachers can gather evidence of progress as part of day-to-day learning about number, money and measurement, shape, position and movement and information handling. The use of specific assessment tasks will be important in assessing progress at key points of learning including transitions.From the early years through to the senior stages, children and young people will take the stand progress in their skills in interpreting and analysing informa tion, simplifying and solving problems, assessing risk and making informed choices. They will also show evidence of progress through their skills in collaborating and working independently as they observe, explore, experiment with and investigate mathematical problems.Approaches to assessment should identify the extent to which children and young people can apply their skills in their learning, in their daily lives and in preparing for the world of work. Progress will be seen as children and young people parade their competence and confidence in applying mathematical concepts and skills. For exampleDo they relish the challenge of number puzzles, patterns and relationships? Can they explain increasingly more abstract ideas of algebraic thinking? Can they successfully carry out mathematical processes and use their developing range of skills and attributes as set out in the experiences and outcomes? As they apply these to problems, can they draw on skills and concepts learned previous ly? As they adopt problems in unfamiliar contexts, can they confidently identify which skills and concepts are relevant to the problem? Can they hence apply their skills accurately and then appraise their solutions? Can they explain their thinking and demonstrate their understanding of 2D shapes and 3D objects? Can they evaluate data to make informed decisions? atomic number 18 they developing the capacity to engage with and complete tasks andassignments? Assessment should also link with other areas of the curriculum, within and outside the classroom, offering children and young people opportunities to develop and demonstrate their understanding of mathematics through social studies, technologies and science, and cultural and enterprise activities.How can I make connections within and beyond mathematics?Within mathematics there are rich opportunities for links among different concepts a set example is provided by investigations into area and perimeter which can involve estimatio n, patterns and relationships and a variety of numbers. When children and young people investigate number processes, there will be regular opportunities to develop mental strategies and mental agility. Teachers will make use of opportunities to develop algebraic thinking and introduce symbols, such as those opportunities afforded at early stages when reinforcing number bonds or later when investigating the snapper of the angles in a triangle.There are many opportunities to develop mathematical concepts in all other areas of the curriculum. Patterns and symmetry are fundamental to art and music time, money and measure regularly occur in fresh languages, home economics, design technology and various aspects of health and wellbeing graphs and charts are regularly used in science and social studies scale and harmonise can be developed within social studies formulae are used in areas including health and wellbeing, technologies and sciences while shape, position and movement can be de veloped in all areas of the curriculum.The instruction PrincipleEffective mathematics teaching requires understanding what students know and need to learn and then challenging and supporting them to learn it well. Students learn mathematics through the experiences that teachers provide. Thus, students understanding of mathematics, their ability to use it to solve problems, and their confidence in, and disposition toward, mathematics are all shaped by the teaching they reckon in school. The improvement ofmathematics education for all students requires effective mathematics teaching in all classrooms. Teaching mathematics well is a complex endeavor, and there are no easy recipes for dowry all students learn or for helping all teachers become effective. Nevertheless, much is known about effective mathematics teaching, and this knowledge should guide professional judgment and activity. To be effective, teachers must know and understand deeply the mathematics they are teaching and be able to draw on that knowledge with flexibility in their teaching tasks.They need to understand and be committed to their students as learners of mathematics and as human beings and be skillful in choosing from and using a variety of pedagogical and assessment strategies (National Commission on Teaching and Americas proximo 1996). In addition, effective teaching requires reflection and continual efforts to seek improvement. Teachers must have frequent and ample opportunities and resources to enhance and refresh their knowledge. Effective teaching requires knowing and understanding mathematics, students as learners, and pedagogical strategies. Teachers need several different kinds of mathematical knowledgeknowledge about the whole domain deep, pliable knowledge about curriculum goals and about the important ideas that are commutation to their grade level knowledge about the challenges students are likely to encounter in learning these ideas knowledge about how the ideas can be del ineate to teach them effectively and knowledge about how students understanding can be assessed.This knowledge helps teachers make curricular judgments, respond to students questions, and look ahead to where concepts are leading and plan accordingly. Pedagogical knowledge, much of which is acquired and shaped through the practice of teaching, helps teachers understand how students learn mathematics, become facile with a range of different teaching techniques and instructional materials, and organize and manage the classroom. Teachers need to understand the big ideas of mathematics and be able to represent mathematics as a coherent and connected enterprise (Schifter 1999 Ma 1999). Their decisions and their actions in the classroomall of which affect how well their students learn mathematicsshould be based on this knowledge. This kind of knowledge is beyond what most teachers experience in sample preservice mathematics courses in the United States. For example, that fractions can be understood as parts of a whole, the quotient of two integers, or a number on a line isimportant for mathematics teachers (Ball and Bass forthcoming). Such understanding might be characterized as profound understanding of fundamental mathematics (Ma 1999).Teachers also need to understand the different representations of an idea, the relative strengths and weaknesses of each, and how they are associate to one another (Wilson, Shulman, and Richert 1987). They need to know the ideas with which students often have difficultness and ways to help bridge common misunderstandings. Effective mathematics teaching requires a serious commitment to the development of students understanding of mathematics. Because students learn by connecting new ideas to prior knowledge, teachers must understand what their students already know. Effective teachers know how to ask questions and plan lessons that reveal students prior knowledge they can then design experiences and lessons that respond to, and bu ild on, this knowledge.Teachers have different styles and strategies for helping students learn particular mathematical ideas, and there is no one right way to teach. However, effective teachers recognize that the decisions they make shape students mathematical dispositions and can lay down rich settings for learning. Selecting and using suitable curricular materials, using appropriate instructional tools and techniques, and engaging in reflective practice and continuous self-improvement are actions good teachers take every day. One of the complexities of mathematics teaching is that it must balance purposeful, planned classroom lessons with the ongoing decision making that necessarily occurs as teachers and students encounter unanticipated discoveries or difficulties that lead them into uncharted territory. Teaching mathematics well involves creating, enriching, maintaining, and adapting instruction to move toward mathematical goals, capture and flummox interest, and engage stud ents in building mathematical understanding.Effective teaching requires a challenging and supportive classroom learning environment. Teachers make many choices each day about how the learning environment will be structured and what mathematics will be emphasized. These decisions determine, to a large extent, what students learn. Effective teaching conveys a belief that each student can and is expected to understand mathematics and that each will be supported in his or her efforts to accomplish this goal. Teachers establish and nurture an environment conducive to learning mathematics through the decisions they make, the conversations they orchestrate, and thephysical setting they create. Teachers actions are what encourage students to think, question, solve problems, and discuss their ideas, strategies, and solutions. The teacher is responsible for creating an intellectual environment where serious mathematical thinking is the norm. More than just a physical setting with desks, bulle tin boards, and posters, the classroom environment communicates subtle messages about what is valued in learning and doing mathematics.Are students discussion and collaboration encouraged? Are students expected to justify their thinking? If students are to learn to make conjectures, experiment with various approaches to solving problems, score mathematical arguments and respond to others arguments, then creating an environment that fosters these kinds of activities is essential. In effective teaching, worthy mathematical tasks are used to introduce important mathematical ideas and to engage and challenge students intellectually. Well-chosen tasks can pique students curiosity and draw them into mathematics. The tasks may be connected to the real-world experiences of students, or they may arise in contexts that are purely mathematical.Regardless of the context, worthwhile tasks should be intriguing, with a level of challenge that invites speculation and hard work. Such tasks often can be approached in more than one way, such as using an arithmetic number approach, drawing a geometric diagram and enumerating possibilities, or using algebraic equations, which makes the tasks accessible to students with varied prior knowledge and experience. Worthwhile tasks totally are not sufficient for effective teaching. Teachers must also decide what aspects of a task to highlight, how to organize and orchestrate the work of the students, what questions to ask to challenge those with varied levels of expertise, and how to support students without taking over the process of thinking for them and thus eliminating the challenge.Opportunities to reflect on and refine instructional practiceduring class and outside class, alone and with othersare crucial in the vision of school mathematics defined in Principles and Standards. To improve their mathematics instruction, teachers must be able to analyze what they and their students are doing and consider how those actions are affe cting students learning. Using a variety of strategies, teachers should monitor students capacity and inclination to analyze situations, frame and solve problems, and make sense of mathematical concepts and procedures. Theycan use this information to assess their students progress and to appraise how well the mathematical tasks, student discourse, and classroom environment are interacting to foster students learning.They then use these appraisals to adapt their instruction. Reflection and analysis are often individual activities, but they can be greatly heighten by teaming with an experienced and respected colleague, a new teacher, or a community of teachers. Collaborating with colleagues regularly to observe, analyze, and discuss teaching and students thinking or to do lesson study is a powerful, yet neglected, form of professional development in American schools (Stigler and Hiebert 1999). The work and time of teachers must be structured to depart and support professional develo pment that will benefit them and their students.

Public and Private Sectors Essay

* Public sector has an influence in touristry business. It is all-important(a) to outline the main policy instruments used by governments in companionship to manage tourism.* Public bodies influence tourism sector either directly, finished organization with responsibility for tourism, which include establishment of infrastructure, information services and humans of tourist attractions and facilities. Or, indirectly, through foreign policies and legal controls, the commercial sector of tourism persistence can operate successfully, co-ordinating, promotional and regulatory role in tourism provision, and conservation of the physical and socio-cultural resources that attract tourists to destination.* Governments use demand and taxation management in order to influence demand in the industry by marketing and promotion, information provision and network ontogenesis, pricing, controlling admission fee to the destination, safety and security. Supply and cost management are operated by environmental control, building regulations, market regulations, market research and planning, taxation, ownership, education and training and enthronisation incentives.* Private Sector Improve the overall quality of products and services indoors the tourism industry (all tourism-related accommodation, restaurants, tour guides, tour operators, and other tourism-related service picturers) sex the levels of demand nationally, regionally and internationally promote competiveness within the industry and, provide valuable and reliable information on quality standards for the tourist and the last industry.* Provide intensive training to local communities/ private sector in various aspects of development and management of tourism businesses, and hospitality skills to provide them with intermit opportunities to seek employment in the tourism sector.* Comprehensive general and area-specific development guidelines for tourism zones with specific urban designing, land use planning and infrastructure planning.

Impediments to Logistics Performance

MASTER IN disdain ADMINISTRATION INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND LOGISTICS 2011 Unit Title multinational sell Policy & Practice Unit number MTL 504 Assignment number 2 Submission date 16th October 2011 Student declaration I admit that the attached assignment is my own work. Material drawn from other sources has been admit jibe to unit-specific requirements for referencing. . 16th October 2011 . Name/Signature of studentDate IntroductionThis report critic in every last(predicate)y examines impediments in 5 key aras taken into consideration in assessing the logistics murder of Sri Lanka and methods of overcoming the same as mentioned in the new-fashioned survey in determine the Logistics Performance tycoon (LPI) of various countries worldwide. Executive Summary The LPI is a oecumenical index created to help countries identify the challenges and opportunities they face in pile logistics procedure. The earthly concern curse conducts the LPI survey every two years.The key docu ment for this is the the second edition of Connecting to CompeteTrade Logistics in the Global Economy,which was graduation publish in November 2007. The Logistics Performance Index was based on a survey of operators on the ground worldwide global freight forwarders and express carriers who provided feedback on the logistics friendliness of the countries in which they operate and those with which they trade. Sri Lankas Logistics Performance Index is 2. 29 and ranked 137. In spite of prevailed security condition in the first ecade of this millennium Sri Lanka was able to lay a good foundation for implementing trade facilitation measure over the years. Typology of Sri Lanka according to Impediments to Logistics Performance Table Trade relate Infrastructure The Pathfinder Foundation says that Sri Lankas LPI ranking in any case reflects logistics-related problems with driveway and lead root, including congested road access to the air of Colombo and measly trucking and rail se rvices costs of two trucking and rail exceed those of Bangladesh and India.The railway sector accounts for only ab extinct one percent of freight movements in Sri Lanka, and is characterized by a large cost structure. In addition, the report says that the logistics sector has been slow to provide value added services for transshipment by means of the Colombo port. The Pathfinder Foundation says that the government grass encourage this by providing free zones and employments duty procedures that enable the efficient provision of services. Failure to do this heap make Colombo vulnerable to losing market share to Indian ports that are being upgraded particularly as pure transshipment cargo is foot-loose Sri Lanka demand to advance its export competitiveness by fuck offing its logistics, and plugging into Asian provide chains is of vital importance. Especially with the significant opportunities that lie with Sri Lankas closely proximity to the southwesterly Indian markets o f Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, Sri Lanka needs to become receptive to such international supply chains.Even if she cant really attract the companies to set up large plants here on the island, the domain can be a part of a model, where some components could be manufactured here and shipped across to bigger plants in other countries for the aggregation of finished products that would be the paradigm shift. Overcoming the impediments the athletic field of trade related infrastructure will play a pivotal role in the summation of the LPI ranking of Sri Lanka. This can be catogorized as physical infrastructure requirements and strain processes. The following areas should be considered in priority for this purpose 1.Trading by with(predicate) Electronic Documents 2. Introduce online payment of tradition Levy 3. Development of lane/Rail/Canal transport 4. Upgrade Handling Equipments in the Port and increase handling capacity 5. Development of areas deep d own close region to the airport and sea port look and Supply of Logistics Services As Logistics is the backbone of trading of goods the fictitious character of trade will depend upon the quality of logistics services available in an economy. in that location are many factors which come upon this. These can be broadly categorised into three areas as citizenry , Process and systems and Physical Infrastructure.Although this can be as well as inter related with other areas of determinants of the LPI this is an encompassing factor covering all the areas as Quality is a philosophy which embodies all the functions of the determinants of the LPI. In order to set and say standards and guidelines in the area all industry related organizations should be monitored by one body which will see to the fact that all these groupings are governed in a way that it will maintain the highest quality standards amongst its members and all stakeholders in the industry are touch on in one of these o rganizations to arrest compliance.These brass sections are as follows * SLAFFA (Sri Lanka Freight forwarders connective) * SLACA ( Sri Lanka Air line cargo Association) * SLLPA (Sri Lanka Logistics Providers Association) * CASA (Ceylon Association of Ship Agents) * ACT (Assiciation of Container Transporters) There should be strong recommendations for companies involved in Logistics services to be a member of their respective grouping and also hold a minimum number of professionally trained mental faculty from these bodies.This will also facilitate the quality service provision through these skilled employees in this sector. A nonher important area is to recognize give performing logistics providers by way of introduction of an awards scheme to motivate the companies involved in the industry and to take the industry standards into new heights which in turn will benefit the customers in the long run. There can be benefits obtained also by Interlinking domestic freight forwarder s ystems with supranational Freight forwarders or their agents to provide better info flow to the customers in order to slash their shipments through the entire supply chain. Core Customs Modernization This can be identified as the main area of consideration for improvement in affecting the LPI ranking. As mentioned at the base of this report the last LPI survey was at the peak of the Sri Lankan war against terrorism. This meant mingy security measures in the acres and strict surveillance on all goods that entered the country.According to the LPI, Sri Lankas performance is particularly weak in headroom by border control agencies (particularly impost), logistical competence and ability to track and trace consignments. There has been slow progress in implementing customs reform. Sri Lanka has make less progress than other countries in South Asia, such as Bangladesh and India. There is a strong case for attaching high priority to customs reform, including full use of the ASYCUDA system and development of a computerized system of stake management.Lack of progress in this area place our exporters in a disadvantageous position from competing in time-sensitive markets, thereby undermining the growth and employment prospects of the country. There are many areas to be considered in the process of customs modernization in Sri Lanka which includes the following * Round the clock & 365 days work. * Change strength to understand that the customs is not only regulator but also trade facilitator. * Online cargo clearing. * Abolish age old regulations. * Introduce pre reach clearance. * Release goods against guarantees. Post clearance audit method. * Re introduction of parkland dividing line Customs decided implementing green channel for 10% out of identified 75 top importers ( sunlight times 04th Sept 2011) * Restrict customs activities to main areas such as Border Control / tariff functions & Inspection. * WTO Guide Lines should be adopted * Take positive s teps to root out corruption * Introduce an effective review and appeal procedure Methods such as honey oil Channel and Risk Management should be introduced in order to reduce the clearance time wasted as a result of 100% examination at present. Today all 28,000 TEUs in a month are examined of which 18,000 TEUs are examined at Rank Container net alone. But it was noted that while authorities intend on exploitation an automated system, the industry pointed out that while there are a number of dynamics involved in the assessment of the products a manual check would prove to be a better procedure though. Sunday times Integration of Border Management Sri Lankas rank in Trading Across the Border is 65 out of 183 which is above the South Asian average but on a lower floor OECD Average.Regional Facilitation and Transit Drawbacks in Connection with the Logistics Performance of Sri Lanka Sri Lankan shipping officials have questioned the validity of a recent valet margin ranking on lo gistics that set(p) the island even below landlocked Uganda, despite Colombos position as a container transshipment hub. The criticism came at a videoconference discussion connecting audiences in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Washington on trade logistics in the global economy to discuss the findings of the study.Rohan Masakorala, former chairman of the Sri Lanka Shippers Council, raised doubts about(predicate) the study and LPI index and questioned whether the research had got it wrongly. The studys credibility is at stake and such findings can seriously damage the country. It was mentioned that Sri Lankan businesses were concerned about misleading representation in such studies as it could affect foreign investment which the island needed to develop the economy. The valet de chambre Bank study called the Logistics Performance Index (LPI) 2007 ranked Sri Lanka at 92 out of 150 countries with a low overall piss of 2. 0 out of five, even below India, Pakist an and Bangladesh. Singapore was ranked No 1 while Uganda scored 2. 49, more than Sri Lanka, whose Colombo port is south Asias hub for container transshipment. The LPI consists of both perception and objective measures and evaluates performance along the logistics supply chain within a country, the demesne Bank said. An USAID study last year had placed the island ahead of other south Asian states like India, Pakistan and Bangladesh.An alternative clue to be included in the survey was to ask perverters of Sri Lankan exports what their impression is who buy apparel from different Asian countries The Sri Lankan shippers council and freight forwarders association were also not consulted in the survey. The following news article from The Daily News with braggart(a) Shipping Personality Mr Rohan Masakorala also gives many insights into this Sri Lanka has been ranked 137th in the universe of discourse Bank released Logistic Performance Index (LPI) for 2009.The country secured the 9 2nd place according to LPI 2007. The LPI has not given a true picture of the countrys capability and the list and the criteria, and Sri Lanka has been pushed from 92 to 137, it is unfair as the country has an efficient air and ocean shipping sector, Sri Lanka Shippers Council former Chairman and Asian Shippers Council secretary General Rohan Masakorala told Daily News Business. The index was arrived at by considering the strengths in rail, road, ocean shipping and air systems in a country. The realness Bank team is looking at the overall picture. However, the Shippers Council or the freight forwarders have not been consulted for these LPI interviews this time as well. They are doing a fundamental erroneousness by placing sea, air, road, rail and inland waterways in one basket, ignoring the strengths of different countries and territories, he said. Courtesy Daily News Another suggestion given in the abovementioned article is that The LPI gives a wrong signal to investors and buyer s.It could have been agreed upon if the World Bank had a chart separating sea, air, and road and rail rankings and then trust the four against the overall performance with other criteria such as customs practices. Then at least one would see each countrys SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunities and threat). It is not proper to compare a landlocked country and a maritime nation. This is one reason to be unfavourable of the position of Sri Lankas Ranking in the LPI. Furthermore the LPI is one among many proportional rankings globally.Converting the LPI to a ranking out of 100 places Sri Lanka would rank at 88 (137/155). We could compare this with other related rankings as follows Ranking Type Organization Ranking Comparative ranking out of 100 Logistics Performance Index 2009 The World Bank 137 out of 155 88 Doing Business 2011 The World Bank 102 out of 188 56 Best Container Ports in the world Containerization International Magazine Year Book 2009 27 out of all World Ports Within t he top 2% Conclusion By analyzing the logistics related performance of Sri Lanka through various trade statistics it can be identified that Sri Lanka as a whole had a comparatively bad year repayable to the prevailing situation in the country at the time. Reference slant 1. Connecting to Compete Trade Logistics in the Global Economy 2010. The World Bank Publications 2. Export growth The challenge of poor logistics Article of e research by the Pathfinder Foundation, Daily News 21st June 2011 3.Doing Business 2011 study Business Regulation in 183 Economies, a Co Publication of The World Bank and International Financial Corporation. 4. Sri Lanka Ports Authority official website 5. Sunday multiplication 4th September 2011, Business Section Customs to Open Green Channel for 75 Companies 6. Daily News 9th February 2011, Performance Index gives wrong signal to investors Rohan Masakorala 7. Daily News 4th August 2011, ACFA wants Green Channel examination reintroduction 8.